荀子人性论性质反思
A Reflection on the Essence of Xun Zi’s Theory of Human Nature
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对荀子人性论之性质，学界历来众说纷纭，但其中牟宗三对荀子人性论的定性深入而富有创见。从荀子对性之规定来看，其人性论无疑属于“性朴论”或“自然人性论”，但其同时又有“人之性恶，其善者，伪也”的说法，牟宗三由此而认为荀子人性论中存在着“性朴论”与“性恶论”的矛盾，但实际上并非如此。荀子虽然有“人之性恶”的提法，但其真正意义并非指“性恶”，而是“欲恶”。结合以上两个方面，荀子人性论之性质应该是“性朴欲恶论”，而不是“性恶论”。
Abstract
On the essence of Xun Zi’s theory of human nature, scholars have different views, among which Mou Zongsan’s was profound and original. From Xun Zi’s standpoint, human by nature is like a blank tablet, not to be judged by good or evil. But just at the same time he said that human by nature is evil and improvement makes it good. Considering that, Mou Zongsan thought there was a paradox in Xun Zi’s theory of human nature, namely, nature as a blank tablet vs. evil humanity. But in my opinion, Mou did not make the point. Xun Zi did propose that human by nature is evil, but his true intention was that human by nature tends to be evil. Thus, taking these two aspects above into account, my conclusion is that the essence of Xun Zi’s theory of human nature is that human by nature is a blank tablet and tends to be evil.
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