일제강점기 조선총독부의 교과서 정책과 교과서 편찬 실태

Abstract

Education in Joseon in the period of Japanese occupation over the Korean peninsula by force was practiced based on the Joseon Educational Decree reflective of the educational policy of Japanese imperialism. Especially, the Joseon Government-general implemented the systematic and sustained educational control policy according to the Joseon Educational Decree. Among other things, their textbook policy was typical. This policy came out as all sorts of textbook compilation projects including the 'subject-purpose approval regulations' established since the period of the Residency-general. The compilation of textbooks in the period of Japanese occupation by force showed a great change with the changes in educational policy and educational decree. Let's take a look at it by period. There was the publishment of textbook using the amendment of phraseology and errata as an stopgap before the first Educational Decree(Old Educational Decree, 1911) was proclaimed. In the period of the first Educational Decree, the foundation was laid for compilation of the textbook pertinent to the subject of each school with an aim to ‘cultivate royal people’ until 1916. In the period of the third Educational Decree(New Educational Decree, 1922), the work of textbook revision was generally completed under the goal of publishing the textbook a little more suited to the Korean situation. Japanese imperialists adopted 'universal benevolence' and 'Japanese and Korean Are One' since the fourth Educational Decree(1929) and proceeded the work of reorganizing the textbook at the level of complementing the content related to the industrial subject and Joseon. This work was substantially completed in 1933, and the textbook of the Korean language department published at this time had a great influence on the textbook since Korean liberation from Japanese domination. It can be said that an innovative change occurred in the textbook policy of the Joseon Government-general since the seventh Educational Decree(revised Educational Decree, 1938). This educational decree changed the educational policy to fit the supply base and war basis by introducing the single-line school system of 'elementary school-combined middle school/high school. Accordingly, the unification of textbooks was achieved to fit the single-line school system in the compilation of textbooks, and consequently the situation occurred that only two textbooks of the Korean language department were developed. This stream was more reinforced with the 8th Educational Decree as a starting point(Elementary School Decree, 1941), and the textbook compilation of the Joseon Government-general was confined to the required textbooks such as the ‘national course, Korean language course, completion course and art course’. The study on the realities of textbook policy and textbook compilation practiced by the Joseon Government-general in the period of Japanese occupation by force is a task to be settled in investigating the educational policy of this period, analyzing the contents of the textbook and studying the process of textbook policy and compilation. It is seen that this study will have to continued to be conducted.