和順 雲住寺 石塔의 特殊性에 관한 考察

Abstract

In this research, many peculiarity found in the stone pagoda of Unjusa Temple were studied through its placement, characteristics, stylization, plane structure, and surface sculpture. As a result, it was discovered that even though the pagoda of Unjusa temple has a series of associableness with other pagodas found in East Asia, has a totally different aspect for it is a pagoda preserving sarira. Also, its stylization is close to a developed form of that of the Three Kingdoms and United Shilla rather than stylization of Chinese pagodas. The plane structure is also far from uniformity of flat-structure and many variations that combine squares and rounds, crosses and rounds are found, and this too looks like a characteristics of stone structures built during the period of United Shilla. The surface sculptures of Unjusa Pagoda had been studied in pre-existing researches. Piled up side pillars, X-shaped and diamond-shaped patterns especially received much attention. I, as the researcher, have concluded that the piled up pillars were created to secure spatiality that solves structural instability since this stylization is found mostly in seven-story pagodas. For the X-shaped and diamond-shaped patterns, even though they were conceived to be Hinduism or Mongolian influence, an attempt to trace its origins from traditional patterns of Korea must be made for these patterns can also be found in earthenwares and tiles since Neolithic age. The most distinctive characteristic found in Unjusa pagoda is the exceptionality that has not been seen in other pagodas built before it. This aspect must be understood as an extension of many distinctiveness found in buddhist civilization of Honam region that had constructed Four-Lion-Supported Three-Story Stone Stupa of Hwaeomsa Temple, which shows a new stylization, or Gobokhyeong(shape resembling double-headed drum) stone lanterns diverged from standard stone lanterns. As the researcher I believe that the motivation behind this distinctiveness is derived from artistic sense and skills of artisans in the region. To conclude, the new artistic movement and skills dawned in Honam region created the unique buddhist pagoda of Unjusa Temple－Temple of the thousand statues and pagodas－that cannot be found in any other buddhist civilizations worldwide.