Orientalism or Pragmatism? Irishness and Colonial Encounter in the British Military Sphere
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Edward Said’s concept of ‘Orientalism’ has been instrumental in refocusing colonial history towards the attitudes of colonizers at the metropolis and periphery, and the cultural preconceptions that mediated colonial encounter. Historians have taken Said’s work in many innovative directions: a greater emphasis on indigenous agency and the practicalities of direct and indirect colonial rule; the role of the ‘subaltern’ in mediating encounter between colonizers and the colonized; and, crucially, the extent to which orientalist preconceptions were eroded by the pragmatic, ‘transactional’ nature of colonial relations at an imperial frontier that was contested and ambiguous. Metropolitan attitudes toward empire have been given further complexity with the recognition of the differences between the ‘four nations’ constituting the Union. This paper reviews these new methodological frameworks and examines their relevance to the study of ‘imperial Irishmen’ in multiple Asian localities, all of whom were inculcated in the colonial military sphere, as officers, correspondents, and administrators. It cites new indicative examples of Irish attitudes to empire derived from correspondence and memoirs, and proposes new avenues of research into the complexities of colonial rule which marry the lens of orientalism with historical approaches emphasizing transaction and indigenous agency.
Abstract
Edward Said’s concept of ‘Orientalism’ has been instrumental in refocusing colonial history towards the attitudes of colonizers at the metropolis and periphery, and the cultural preconceptions that mediated colonial encounter. Historians have taken Said’s work in many innovative directions: a greater emphasis on indigenous agency and the practicalities of direct and indirect colonial rule; the role of the ‘subaltern’ in mediating encounter between colonizers and the colonized; and, crucially, the extent to which orientalist preconceptions were eroded by the pragmatic, ‘transactional’ nature of colonial relations at an imperial frontier that was contested and ambiguous. Metropolitan attitudes toward empire have been given further complexity with the recognition of the differences between the ‘four nations’ constituting the Union. This paper reviews these new methodological frameworks and examines their relevance to the study of ‘imperial Irishmen’ in multiple Asian localities, all of whom were inculcated in the colonial military sphere, as officers, correspondents, and administrators. It cites new indicative examples of Irish attitudes to empire derived from correspondence and memoirs, and proposes new avenues of research into the complexities of colonial rule which marry the lens of orientalism with historical approaches emphasizing transaction and indigenous agency.
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