论汉语语音史分期的原则、方法和根据
On the Principles, Methods, and Criteria for the Periodization of Chinese Phonological History
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本研究在深入探讨汉语语音史分期的基本原则与研究方法的基础上，提出了一套更加系统、科学且具 有可操作性的汉语语音史分期方案。文章主张，应从历史演变的连续性与阶段性出发，将汉语语音的发 展历程划分为五个主要的历史时期，每一时期内部又可细分为若干具有独立特征的发展阶段。整体而 言，从远古汉语经上古汉语、中古汉语、近代汉语，直到现代汉语，语言音系的发展大致可分为十个连 续的阶段，彼此之间既存在继承关系，也呈现出复杂的演变轨迹。研究特别强调了中古音系统，尤其是 切韵体系在音韵史研究中的核心地位，认为其不仅是音韵结构高度发展的标志，也为语音分期提供了 关键的判据。通过系统的音系比较与历时演变分析，文章梳理了各阶段音韵格局的特征及其变迁路径。在 方法论上，本文突破传统“三点一线式”分期模式的局限，提出“散点多线式”的研究取向，结合演绎与归 纳、质性与量化分析方法，对音韵变化趋势进行了更具解释力的建模与论证。此外，文章还考察了地理 分布对语音演变的制约作用，指出方言差异与语音系统的内部调适机制在分期划分中不容忽视。最终，本 文构建出一套兼顾时间维度、地域差异以及音系演化特征的语音史分期框架，旨在为汉语语音史研究提 供更加科学、系统的分析路径，并为未来的相关研究奠定理论基础与比较视野。
Abstract
This study aims to establish a new and more scientifically grounded periodization framework for the historical development of Chinese phonology. Chinese phonological history, shaped over the course of several millennia, exhibits complex and layered changes across multiple domains, including phonemic inventories, rhyme categories, and tonal systems. These changes have unfolded gradually yet unevenly over time and across regions, necessitating a multidimensional approach that goes beyond linear and static models. In this context, the paper critically examines the limitations of the conventional “three-point linear model,” which tends to oversimplify the historical dynamics of phonological evolution by reducing them to fixed temporal landmarks along a single chronological axis. To address this, the study introduces a “scattered-point and multi-threaded model” that captures the diversity and multiplicity of phonological developments through time and space. Based on this approach, the historical trajectory of Chinese phonology is divided into five major periods. Each of these periods is further subdivided into multiple internal phases, resulting in a total of ten sequential stages that more accurately reflect the structural transitions within the language. Central to the study is a reevaluation of the Qieyun system, widely regarded as the apex of medieval Chinese phonological organization. The paper argues that Qieyun not only provides a highly structured and coherent phonological framework, but also serves as a critical point of reference for defining historical stages in Chinese phonology. Through comprehensive analyses of phonological data drawn from historical sources, the paper identifies the characteristic features of each stage. Methodologically, the study integrates deductive and inductive reasoning, qualitative interpretation, and quantitative measurement. It combines philological examination with statistical modeling and considers the influence of regional dialects and the gradual nature of phonological shifts. By synthesizing temporal continuity, spatial variation, and structural transformation, the proposed model offers a unified and dynamic framework for understanding Chinese phonological history. Ultimately, this research provides a robust theoretical foundation for future studies in Chinese historical phonology and opens new avenues for comparative research across time periods and dialectal regions. It also contributes to a deeper understanding of how phonological systems evolve within broader linguistic, cultural, and textual contexts