글로벌 금융위기 이후의 한중 주요 컨테이너항만의 경쟁력 변화 비교 연구
A Comparative Study on the Competitiveness of Major Shipping Ports in Korea and China after the Global Financial Crisis
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This Paper tries to compare the competitiveness of ten major container ports in Korea and China after the Global Financial Crisis. Among the ten ports, three are selected from Korea including Busan, Kwangyang and Incheon, and the other seven are selected from China including Shanghai, Hongkong, Shenzhen, Ningbo, Qingdao, Tianjin and Dalian. It examines the changes in the volume of containers handled by each port during the period of recent six years and compares their efficiency by analyzing the operation data of the ports through the DEA model. The growth of the container shipping industry replies on the international trade, but the Financial Crisis in 2008 has influenced the operation and development of the ten major ports in different way. This study reveals that the efficiencies of the Korean ports are deteriorating significantly while the efficiencies of the Chinese ports are growing even after the Financial Crisis. This is mainly due to the difference in the investment strategies conducted by each government. While China has been making aggressive investment to develop and advance their shipping ports, Korea has been lacking a strategically coordinated effort to invest and develop their shipping ports. This study suggests that Korea should take more 'select and focus' approach to investing in the ports by strategically restructuring the functional objectives of each port. For instance, Busan and Kwangyang need to focus on management improvement rather than expanding their infrastructure, while Incheon needs to focus on the sea and air intermodal logistic system with the Incheon International Airport.
Abstract
This Paper tries to compare the competitiveness of ten major container ports in Korea and China after the Global Financial Crisis. Among the ten ports, three are selected from Korea including Busan, Kwangyang and Incheon, and the other seven are selected from China including Shanghai, Hongkong, Shenzhen, Ningbo, Qingdao, Tianjin and Dalian. It examines the changes in the volume of containers handled by each port during the period of recent six years and compares their efficiency by analyzing the operation data of the ports through the DEA model. The growth of the container shipping industry replies on the international trade, but the Financial Crisis in 2008 has influenced the operation and development of the ten major ports in different way. This study reveals that the efficiencies of the Korean ports are deteriorating significantly while the efficiencies of the Chinese ports are growing even after the Financial Crisis. This is mainly due to the difference in the investment strategies conducted by each government. While China has been making aggressive investment to develop and advance their shipping ports, Korea has been lacking a strategically coordinated effort to invest and develop their shipping ports. This study suggests that Korea should take more 'select and focus' approach to investing in the ports by strategically restructuring the functional objectives of each port. For instance, Busan and Kwangyang need to focus on management improvement rather than expanding their infrastructure, while Incheon needs to focus on the sea and air intermodal logistic system with the Incheon International Airport.
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