아테네 공공기념물을 통해 본 마라톤 전투에 대한 기억의 생성과 재생산

Abstract

Marathon was, according to Athenian memory, a very successful border where the Athenians defeated the Persians when they landed to enter into Athens. The experience was an essential element of the Athenian pride and various aspects of the battle and the deme itself were formulated into Athenocentric memories that explain the Athenian success. Right after the battle, the war dead were buried on the battlefield and they were worshiped at the tomb as war heroes. Unlike Whitley's theory that the marathonomachai were worshiped as epic heroes of Homer, I argue that they were worshiped in the fashion of ancestor cult. The war dead were idealized as to bear the true Athenian virtue that all Athenians should emulate. A trophy of Ionic style was set up as well which also conveys the notion of the Ionian tradition. Outside Marathon, the two most conspicuous sites of demonstrating Marathonian victory were Delphi and Athens itself. At Delphi, the Cleisthenian Athenian treasury acquired a new inscription saying that it was built from the spoils of Marathon. It should probably have been set up by Cimon, who also erected the Marathon base with his father's statue included in the group. The experience was also presented in the centre of Athens as the battle of Marathon was depicted in the Stoa Poikile and the battle of Marathon and the fight between the Herakleidai and Eurystheus filled the friezes of the temple of Athena Nike. The temple of Athena Nike was set up to commemorate the victory at Pylos in 425 BC, so the victory at Marathon was a distant memory then, however, it still gave the Athenians hope and pride that it was natural that the two motifs were depicted in one building. In the memory of the Athenians Marathon was the true border of Attica to protect Athens from the outside threat.