OECD 국가 공무원제도의 기원: 시론적 연구
Some Antecedents of Civil Service Systems: Evidence from OECD Member Countries
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본 논문은 OECD 회원국을 중심으로 공무원제도의 국가 간 차이가 무엇에 기인하는지를 탐색하는 시론적 연구이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 경로의존성을 갖는 초기 선택을 형성한 역사적 요인으로 법의 전통과 종교, 그리고 관리개혁의 과정과 성과에 차이를 줄 수 있는 당대 요인으로 정부형태와 사회문화에 주목한다. 사례 수가 적어 한계가 있지만 분석 결과 개별화되고 개방된 인사제도는 보통법 전통의 국가에서 자주 발견되고 프랑스 시민법 전통의 국가에서는 드물게 발견된다. 또한 개별화되고 개방된 인사제도는 프로테스탄트가 강했던 국가에서 자주 발견되고 프로테스탄트가 약했던 국가에서는 드물게 발견된다. 반면 정부형태나 사회문화의 영향은 미미하거나 일관되지 않은 것으로 보인다. 법의 전통이라는 제도적 요인과 종교라는 문화적 요인이 각국의 공무원제도의 형성과 진화에 영향을 주는 것으로 보이며 이는 각국의 공무원제도가 상당한 경로의존성을 갖고 역사적으로 형성된 고유의 궤도를 따르고 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
This article seeks to identify some antecedents of civil service systems in OECD member countries. Specifically, it examines defining historical factors, such as legal origin and religious tradition, as well as contemporary factors, such as forms of government and types of culture. Analysis shows that individualized and open civil service systems are most often found in countries with common law tradition, and are found least often in countries with French civil law tradition. Moreover, individualized and open civil service systems are most often found in countries with strong Protestant tradition, while they are found least often in countries with strong Catholic tradition. Even so, the influence of forms of government or types of culture remains negligibly weak and/or inconsistent. The results suggest that legal origin and religious tradition shape the foundation and evolution of national civil service systems and that contemporary civil service systems tend to follow historically formed, path-dependent, national trajectories.
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