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공무원제도 비교연구:이론, 개념 및 증거

Comparing Civil Service Systems: Theories, Concepts, and Evidence

김현정|김지성|박종민
정부학연구소 (Institute of Governmental Studies)|2022.12|정부학연구 (Journal of Governmental Studies(JGS))|제28권 제3호|pp. 39-66|DOI 10.19067/jgs.2022.28.3.39

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키워드

시장화정치화전문직화PoliticizationMarketization공무원제도Professionalization관료제화Civil service systemsModes of public employmentBureaucratization
주제분류행정학

초록

이 글의 목적은 공무원제도의 비교연구를 위한 개념 틀을 제안하는 것이다. 근대화, 민주화, 글로벌화가 초래한 사회 변화가 공무원의 충원·경력 통제 기반의 변화를 가져왔고 그에 따라 근대적 공무원제도가 진화해 왔다는 역사적 사실을 토대로 관료제화, 전문직화, 정치화, 시장화의 차원에서 공적 고용의 양식을 구분하고 이를 통해 국가 공무원제도를 비교할 것을 제안한다. 이 글에서 제안된 개념과 범주로 구성된 분석 틀이 서술적 유용성을 넘어 설명적 유용성을 가지려면 충원·경력 통제 방식의 국가 간 차이가 어디서 오는지 그리고 그것이 행정에 어떤 차이를 주는지에 관한 경험적 후속 연구가 수반되어야 한다.

Abstract

In this paper, we proposed a conceptual framework for describing and comparing civil service systems at the operational level. We distinguished four modes of public employment - bureaucratization, professionalization, politicization, and marketization - largely based on different patterns of control over recruitment and career development. We argue that national civil service systems can reflect different combinations of these competing modes of public employment. By using cross-national data, we illustrated the potential usefulness or relevance of the conceptual framework for comparing national civil service systems. We conclude that further research is needed to explain national differences in civil service systems and their effects on state administration.

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