한국전쟁초기 미군 병참체계 구축과 부산

Abstract

The Korean War served as an opportunity for the continuous stationing of US troops in Korea and full-fledged integration into the US military network due to the uniqueness of the era called the Cold War. In particular, USFK bases formed around large cities during the war had a great influence on the development of each city until the recent return and relocation. Busan also has representative facilities of the US Army that were operated from the early days of the Korean War. The city of Busan developed into a ‘port city’ after the opening of the port, and functioned as a channel for plundering the Korean Peninsula during the Japanese colonial period and as a logistical base for invasion of the continent after 1930. This was also the case during the Korean War. From the beginning of the war, Busan became a logistical base for supporting UN and ROK forces. Therefore, during the war, Busan became the most important city in a military sense. During the Korean War, Busan's logistical base was built mainly on the site that had been developed as a logistical base for the invasion of the continent during the Japanese colonial period. In order to operate Busan's logistical facilities, the US military needed to control Busan's infrastructure and mobilize civilians on a large scale. However, since the citizens of Busan had a negative image of Japan, the U.S. Army needed a change to a positive image as a guardian of peace on the Korean Peninsula. For this purpose, the US military tried to control the citizens of Busan using the Korean police and military police rather than direct control, and local newspapers in Busan reported on the activities of the US and UN forces every day. In addition, the Korean government and Busan city authorities encouraged Busan citizens to welcome the UN forces through various uprisings. The UN forces tried to heighten the atmosphere of being a military force protecting Korea by marching on the streets of Nampo-dong, which is the administrative center and has a large floating population. In addition, the requisition by the US military for large-scale Busan public buildings (mainly schools) would have been impossible without the cooperation of the Busan city authorities.