Distributive plural marker tul and its structural licensing
2
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Korean has a copied plural marker -tul (i.e., distributive plural marker, DPM), which looks like a plural morpheme in its form but does not denote genuine plurality of the element it is attached to since it is simply copied from the preceding plural marker. The DPM can be attached not only to a singular noun but also to a verb, adverb, whole verbal chunk or even complementizer, which inherently triggers distributivity, but resists genuine plurality. The licensor of DPMs is not always necessarily a subject but can be a c-commanding nominal. As for the shifted object licensing the DPM attached to the VP adverb, it carries discourse effect such as specificity or presupposed interpretation of distributivity, which induces it to move to the Spec of v*P. Hence, the shifted object c-commands and licenses the DPM attached to the VP adverb. The argument to which the typical distributive markers such as -mata ‘every’, -ssik ‘each’, or hana hana ‘one-by-one’ as well as the plural marker -tul are attached can be a licensor of the DPM. I put forward the observation that in the bi-clausal structure, the DPM attached to the embedded complementizer -ko as well as the matrix adverb is only licensed by the matrix distributive argument. As for the RTOed nominal, it is located in the matrix clause, which induces it to c-command and license the DPM attached to the complementizer and matrix adverb. Like the shifted distributive object, the RTOed argument to which the plural marker -tul is attached also carries discourse effect such as specificity and presupposed interpretation of distributivity, which induces the RTOed object to move to the Spec of v*P in the matrix clause. This set of facts leads us to suggest the condition that the DPM must be locally c-commanded and licensed by PRO, a trace, null argument (i.e, pro) or syntactic argument, which bears distributivity.
Abstract
Korean has a copied plural marker -tul (i.e., distributive plural marker, DPM), which looks like a plural morpheme in its form but does not denote genuine plurality of the element it is attached to since it is simply copied from the preceding plural marker. The DPM can be attached not only to a singular noun but also to a verb, adverb, whole verbal chunk or even complementizer, which inherently triggers distributivity, but resists genuine plurality. The licensor of DPMs is not always necessarily a subject but can be a c-commanding nominal. As for the shifted object licensing the DPM attached to the VP adverb, it carries discourse effect such as specificity or presupposed interpretation of distributivity, which induces it to move to the Spec of v*P. Hence, the shifted object c-commands and licenses the DPM attached to the VP adverb. The argument to which the typical distributive markers such as -mata ‘every’, -ssik ‘each’, or hana hana ‘one-by-one’ as well as the plural marker -tul are attached can be a licensor of the DPM. I put forward the observation that in the bi-clausal structure, the DPM attached to the embedded complementizer -ko as well as the matrix adverb is only licensed by the matrix distributive argument. As for the RTOed nominal, it is located in the matrix clause, which induces it to c-command and license the DPM attached to the complementizer and matrix adverb. Like the shifted distributive object, the RTOed argument to which the plural marker -tul is attached also carries discourse effect such as specificity and presupposed interpretation of distributivity, which induces the RTOed object to move to the Spec of v*P in the matrix clause. This set of facts leads us to suggest the condition that the DPM must be locally c-commanded and licensed by PRO, a trace, null argument (i.e, pro) or syntactic argument, which bears distributivity.
참고문헌 (33)
- Korean tul and English all, "An, Young-ran", LSO, 1~16, pp.Working Papers in Linguistics 7 (2007)
- Bruening, Benjamin, "Syntax at the Edge: Cross-clausal Phenomena and the Syntax of Passamaquoddy", 박사, pp.2001
- Choe, Hyun-Sook, "Restructuring parameters and complex predicates: transformational approach", 박사, pp.1988
- Chomsky, Noam, "The Minimalist Program" (1995), MIT Press
- Chomsky, Noam, "On phases", 석사, pp.2005
- Chung, Daeho, "Dummy -tul in gapping construction", Proceedings of the 2003 Spring Conference of Korean Generative Grammar Circle, pp.75~83 (2003)
- Erteschik-Shir, Nomi, "The Dynamics of Focus Structure" (1997), Cambridge University Press
- Im, Hong-Bin, "The plural marker -tul and eventuality", Aysanhakpo, 24 (2000)
- 전영철, "한국어의 복수성과 총칭성", 한정성, 2004, pp.8(2), 27~46[DOI]
- Kang, Bem-Mo, "Plurality and Other Semantic Aspects of Common Nouns in Korean", Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 3, pp.1~24 (1994)
- Kim, Chonghyuk, "The Korean plural marker tul and its implications", 박사, pp.2005
- The parametrerization of plural markings in classifier languages, "Kim, Jaeshil", Kansas, 159~173, pp.Working Papers in Linguistics 30 (2008)
- Kiss, É. Katalin, "NP Movement, Operator Movement, and Scrambling in Hungarian, In Discourse configurational languages" (1995), Oxford University Press
- Kuh, Hakan, "Plural copying in Korean, In Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics II", pp.239~250 (1987), Harvard University
- 권종일, "Wh-scrambling as D-linking Movement", 영어영문학연구, 54(1), pp.43~62 (2012), 한국중앙영어영문학회
- Lee, Chungmin, "Numeral Classifiers, (In-)Definites, and Incremental Themes in Korean, In Korean Syntax and Semantics: LSA Institute Workshop" (2000), Thaehaksa
- 이두원, "Phases and Successive Cyclic Movement", 현대문법연구, 38(39), pp.53~70 (2005), 현대문법학회
- 이두원, "목적어인상구문의 주변자질 이동:숙어를 이루는 주어의 목적어인상을 중심으로", 언어연구, 25(3), pp.65~81 (2008), 언어정보연구소
- 이두원, "Collectivity vs. Distributivity of Kes", 영어영문학연구, 53(4), pp.297~317 (2011), 한국중앙영어영문학회
- Lee, Doo-Won, "Licensing of Distributors in the Head Kes-External Relative Clauses, In Multiple Approaches to Linguistics and Language Use in Honor of Dr. Sung-Yun Bak", pp.252~267 (2012), Hankwukmwunhwasa
- 이두원, "VP-internal Structure of Idioms and A-movement", 언어학 연구, 23(23), pp.123~146 (2012), 한국중원언어학회[DOI]
- 이두원, "Copied Plural Marker Tul Behaves like English Anaphors", 언어학 연구, 27(27), pp.155~176 (2013), 한국중원언어학회
- Lee, Doo-Won, "Long-distance Anaphor Binding in Lower Subject Positions", Paper to be presented at 2013 Spring Jellak and JLAK Co-conference (2013)
- Lee, Han-Gyu, "Plural copying in Korean, In Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics III", pp.513~528 (1991), Harvard University
- 이정식, "Plural Marker -tul and Its Structural Implication", 생성문법연구, 22(4), pp.753~776 (2012), 한국생성문법학회
- Moon, Seung Chul, "Plural marker tul is subject to Principle A, In Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics VI", pp.355~369 (1995), Harvard University
- Korean Linguistics 14, "Jussive Clauses and Agreement of Sentence Final Particles in Korean, In Japanese", pp.2006, Pak, Miok
- A minimalist approach to plural marker licensing in Korean, "Park, Myung-Kwan", MIT, ~, pp.Working Papers in Linguistics, 193-207 (1993)
- Park, So-Young, "So-Called Plural Marking -Tul and Distributivity, In Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics XI", pp.697~710 (2008), Harvard University
- Rare plural marker and ubiquitous plural marker in Korean. Papers from the eleventh regional meeting, "Song, Seok-Choong", CLS, 11~32 (1975)
- Yim, Changguk, "The semantics of non-nominal tul in Korean", Journal of the International Circle of Korean Linguistics, 11, pp.183~202 (2002)
- 윤항진, "한국어 허사", 생성문법연구, 15(3), pp.385~396 (2005), 한국생성문법학회
- Yoon, James, "Ambiguity of Government and Chain Condition", National Language and Linguistic Theory, 14, pp.105~162 (1996)