Assessing nonverbal and verbal interactional competence in a video-mediated oral test
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Interactional competence asa part of speaking proficiency involves communicating appropriately by taking turnswith others. However, the assessment of nonverbal and verbal interactional competenceis not common practice in most video-mediated oral tests. In addition, as interactionalcompetence may vary according to task type, it is important to take this into considerationwhen designing an oral test. Therefore, this study investigated nonverbal and verbalinteractional competence by levels in real-time video-mediated oral tests, including twotask types: a small group discussion and an individual presentation with questions andanswers. Each video transcript was used to code nonverbal and verbal interactionalcompetence. Subsequent individual interviews were also conducted to more closely examinetest takers’ attitudes towards and opinions of the test format and test tasks. Resultsshowed a statistically significant difference for ‘facial expressions’ in the category ofnonverbal interactional competence and ‘controversial opinions or questions’ as wellas ‘topic-extensions of other topics’ in the category of verbal interactional competencein a group discussion. In addition, ‘reacting’ and ‘correction’, in the category of verbalinteractional competence, were statistically significant in asking and answering questionsafter the individual presentation. Finally, practical implications for the future test designersof video-mediated group oral tests and raters for nonverbal and verbal interactionalcompetence are discussed.
Abstract
Interactional competence asa part of speaking proficiency involves communicating appropriately by taking turnswith others. However, the assessment of nonverbal and verbal interactional competenceis not common practice in most video-mediated oral tests. In addition, as interactionalcompetence may vary according to task type, it is important to take this into considerationwhen designing an oral test. Therefore, this study investigated nonverbal and verbalinteractional competence by levels in real-time video-mediated oral tests, including twotask types: a small group discussion and an individual presentation with questions andanswers. Each video transcript was used to code nonverbal and verbal interactionalcompetence. Subsequent individual interviews were also conducted to more closely examinetest takers’ attitudes towards and opinions of the test format and test tasks. Resultsshowed a statistically significant difference for ‘facial expressions’ in the category ofnonverbal interactional competence and ‘controversial opinions or questions’ as wellas ‘topic-extensions of other topics’ in the category of verbal interactional competencein a group discussion. In addition, ‘reacting’ and ‘correction’, in the category of verbalinteractional competence, were statistically significant in asking and answering questionsafter the individual presentation. Finally, practical implications for the future test designersof video-mediated group oral tests and raters for nonverbal and verbal interactionalcompetence are discussed.
참고문헌 (43)
- Alderson, J. Charles, "Does washback exist?", Applied Linguistics, 14(2), pp.115~129 (1993)
- Bonk, William J., "A many-facet Rasch analysis of the L2 group oral discussion task", Language Testing, 20(1), pp.89~110 (2003)
- Brooks, Lindsay, "Interacting in pairs in a test of oral proficiency : Co-constructing a better performance", Language Testing, 26(3), pp.342~366 (2009)
- Cekaite, Asta, "A child’s development of interactional competence in a Swedish L2 classroom", The Modern Language Journal, 91(1), pp.45~62 (2007)
- Celce-Murcia, Marianne, "Intercultural language use and language learning", pp.41~57 (2007), Springer
- Choi, Inn-Chull, "Fundamental considerations in developing and validating a computer adaptive language testing system", English Language Assessment, 3, pp.59~89 (2009)
- Choi, Jin Soo, "Investigating test delivery modes within video-conferenced English speaking proficiency assessment", PhD, pp.2022
- Davies, Alan, "Dictionary of language testing" (1999), Cambridge University Press
- Ducasse, Ana Maria, "Interaction in paired oral proficiency assessment in Spanish" (2014), Peter Lang
- Ducasse, Ana Maria, "Assessing paired orals: Rater's orientation to interaction", Language Testing, 26(3), pp.423~443 (2009)
- Ellis, Rod, "Instructed second language acquisition" (1990), Blackwell
- Ferris, Dana, "Students' views of academic aural", oral skills: A comparative needs analysis, 1998, pp.32(2), 289~318
- Ferris, Dana, "Academic listening", speaking tasks for ESL students: Problems, suggestions, and implications, 1996, pp.30(2), 297~320
- Furo, Hiroko, "Turn-taking in English and Japanese: Projectability in grammar, intonation and semantics" (2013), Routledge
- Galaczi, Evelina D., "Interactional competence across proficiency levels: How do learners manage interaction in paired speaking tests?", Applied Linguistics, 35(5), pp.553~574 (2014)
- Galaczi, Evelina D., "Interactional competence : Conceptualisations, operationalisations, and outstanding questions", Language Assessment Quarterly, 15(3), pp.219~236 (2018)
- Hall, Joan Kelly, "(Re)creating our worlds with words : A sociohistorical perspective of face-to-face interaction", Applied Linguistics, 16(2), pp.206~232 (1995)
- He, Agnes Weiyun, "Talking and testing: Discourse approaches to the assessment of oral proficiency", pp.1~4 (1998), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Hymes, Dell, "Towards communicative competence" (1972), University of Pennsylvania Press
- Jamieson, Joan M., "Building a validity argument for the test of English as a foreign language", pp.55~95 (2008), Routledge
- 정숙경, "Utilizing Debate Techniques in English Speaking Class", 영어어문교육, 12(1), pp.103~129 (2006), 한국영어어문교육학회
- Knoch, Ute, "Diagnostic assessment of writing: A comparison of two rating scales", Language Testing, 26(2), pp.275~304 (2009)
- Kramsch, Claire, "From language proficiency to interactional competence", The Modern Language Journal, 70(4), pp.366~372 (1986)
- Leaper, David A., "Detecting development of speaking proficiency with a group oral test: A quantitative analysis", Language Testing, 36(2), pp.181~206 (2019)
- Markee, Numa, "Toward a learning behavior tracking methodology for CA-for-SLA", Applied Linguistics, 29(3), pp.404~427 (2008)
- May, Lynette, "Interactional competence in a paired speaking test : Features salient to raters", Language Assessment Quarterly, 8(2), pp.127~145 (2011)
- 문영선, "Salient Linguistic Features of EFL Learner Spoken Corpus Elicited by a Computerized Speaking Test", 멀티미디어 언어교육, 22(3), pp.54~83 (2019), 한국멀티미디어언어교육학회[DOI]
- Nakatsuhara, Fumiyo, "Exploring performance across two delivery modes for the IELTS speaking test: Face-to-face and video-conferencing delivery (Phase 2)" (2017), British Council, Cambridge English Language Assessment and IDP: IELTS Australia
- Nakatsuhara, Fumiyo, "Video-conferencing speaking tests: Do they measure the same construct as face-to-face tests?", Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice, 28(4), pp.369~388 (2021)
- Ockey, Gary J., "The extent to which TOEFL iBT speaking scores are associated with performance on oral language tasks and oral ability components for Japanese university students", Language Testing, 32(1), pp.39~62 (2015)
- Ockey, Gary J., "Exploring the potential of a video‐mediated interactive speaking assessment", pp.1~29 (2019)
- Ockey, Gary J., "New methods and not so new methods for assessing oral communication", Language Value, 7(1), pp.1~21 (2015)
- Rine, Emily F., "Interactional competence and development", pp.244~274 (2011), Multilingual Matters
- Thrasher, Randy, "Appropriate measurement in the language classroom", English Language Assessment, 8, pp.9~16 (2013)
- Van Lier, Leo, "Reeling, writhing, drawling, stretching, and fainting in coils: Oral proficiency interviews as conversation", TESOL Quarterly, 23(3), pp.489~508 (1989)
- Van Moere, Alistair, "Validity evidence in a group oral test", Language Testing, 23(4), pp.411~440 (2006)
- Vo, Sonca Thanh, "Effects of task types on interactional competence in oral communication assessment", PhD, pp.2019
- Wang, Yuping, "Supporting synchronous distance language learning with desktop video conferencing", Language Learning and Technology, 8(3), pp.90~121 (2004)
- Wang, Linxiao, "Assessing interactional competence in the second language paired speaking tasks", PhD, pp.2015
- Wolf, James P, "Exploring and contrasting EFL learners’ perceptions of textbook-assigned and self-selected discussion topics", Language Teaching Research, 17(1), pp.49~66 (2013)
- 양희진, "The Use of Interactive Functions through an Online Group Oral Discussion Test", Studies in English Education, 26(3), pp.369~398 (2021), 글로벌영어교육학회
- Young, Richard F, "Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning Volume 2", pp.426~443 (2011), Routledge
- Zappa-Hollman, Sandra, "Academic presentations across post-secondary contexts: The discourse socialization of non-native speakers", The Canadian Modern Language Review, 63(4), pp.455~485 (2007)