신민주주의교육에서 사회주의교육으로 -1950년대 초반 신중국의 교육정책노선의 전환과 타오싱즈(陶行知) 비판

Abstract

The People's Republic of China declared the establishment of the new democratic education in accordance with the Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. New democratic education was conceived to integrate the new educational experiences of the old Liberated Areas, the experiences of the Soviet Union, and the experiences of the old education. The success of establishment of the new democracy education depended on how to critically inherit and utilize the old education. Therefore, the leadership of the new government and the education community showed a special interest in the educational thoughts and activities of Tao Xingzhi(陶行知, 1891-1946), who was regarded as “a great people’s educator”. However, as Tao involved in the criticism of the film ‘The Life of Wu Xun(武訓)’, his educational thought, which was regarded as an object of critical succession, has fallen into criticism and overcoming. Tao was criticized as merely a reformist educator who represented the interests of petit bourgeoisie, and his methods of education were criticized in ways that did not fit the demands of the new era. The overall criticism of his educational thought meant that the experience of the old education had now become the subject of full reform and exclusion in the process of building a new education. This also meant that China's cultural educational policy started to convert into socialism from new democracy.