러시아 및 미국 언론의 북극에 관한 보도 경향 비교분석

Abstract

Due to the global abnormal temperature, the importance of developing resources such as oil and gas in the Siberian-Arctic region and pioneering Arctic routes is increasing. In addition, as the center of the international political economy moves to the Asia-Pacific, competition, cooperation, development, and preservation between countries surrounding the Siberia-Polar region are emerging. As a result, competition to expand the ownership of the Arctic territory and the resulting military conflict are expected to intensify. In particular, interest in the Arctic between Russia and the United States, which represent powerful countries, is increasing, raising the possibility of new conflicts. The basic principles of Russian Arctic policy include social development, economic development, military security guarantees, infrastructure development, science and technology development, international cooperation, environmental protection, military reconstruction and preservation for Arctic routes and territorial protection. On the other hand, the U.S. Arctic policy focuses on three keywords, national security, international cooperation, and sustainable environmental management, including the presence of U.S. troops in the Arctic region, climate change resilience, Arctic ecosystem preservation, and living standards of Alaska residents. Russia and the United States maintain quite different Arctic policies. Based on this background, it is possible to infer the process of realizing national policy on the North Pole and the public's perception of the North Pole by analyzing the trend of reporting by the media of the two countries on the North Pole. As a result of the analysis, the Russian media's reports on the Arctic are actively following the Russian government's policies. It shows a tendency not to treat cooperation with the international community on the Arctic as important, and emphasizes the Russian people's sense of ownership of the Arctic territory as a top priority. Based on the national consciousness of "Russia's Arctic," it is showing sympathy for the development of Arctic resources despite concerns over the destruction of the natural environment. This is why environmental news related to the occurrence of natural disasters and the survival of Arctic animals due to the destruction of the natural environment is very rare in the Russian media. Major key issues regarding the Arctic reflected in the U.S. media include building climate resilience, preserving Arctic ecosystems, and complying with Arctic international laws and rules. The development of Arctic resources is of relatively little interest. Although oil development attempts were made in Alaska's wild reserves during the Trump administration, oil and gas mining in the Arctic region was generally passive. On the other hand, Arctic ecological environmental protection issues such as climate change, carbon emissions, and Arctic wildlife protection have emerged so large that they cannot be compared to other issues.