아스타나 도시풍경에 반영된 포스트소비에트 카자흐스탄 정체성 건설의 딜레마
Dilemmas of Post-Soviet Kazakhstan’s Identity Construction Reflected in Astana’s Cityscape
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이 글의 목적은 포스트소비에트 카자흐스탄의 새로운 수도 아스타나의 도시풍경에 그 정체성이 표현되는 과정에서 나타난 딜레마를 고찰하는 것이다. 소비에트 과거는 포스트소비에트 정체성 건설 과정에서 배제되어야 하는 대상임에도 불구하고, 이를 표상하고 기억하는 건축물과 기념물이 도시 공간에 여전히 존속하고 있다는 점에서 소비에트 과거의 딜레마를 찾을 수 있다. 카자흐성은 나자르바예프 정권이 표방하는 새로운 정체성 비전의 하나지만, 역사적ㆍ현실적 조건과 요인으로 인해 아스타나 도시풍경에서 불완전하게 때로는 모호하게 표현되고 있는 딜레마를 노정한다. 현대성 또한 정권이 아스타나 도시풍경의 (재)구성을 통해 표출하려 하는 정체성 중의 하나지만, 카자흐성처럼 불완전함의 딜레마뿐만 아니라 이상과 현실의 괴리라는 딜레마도 안고 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to study the dilemmas arisen in the process of post-Soviet Kazakhstan’s identity being expressed in its new capital city Astana’s cityscape. Although the Soviet past is an object that has to be excluded in the process of post-Soviet identity construction, a Soviet past dilemma can be found in that the architectures and monuments to represent and remember the Soviet past still continue to exist in the urban space. Kazakhness is one of the new identity visions that Nazarbayev’s regime asserts, but it has a dilemma of being expressed incompletely, sometimes ambiguously in Astana’s cityscape due to the historial and practical conditions and factors. Sovremennost’ also is one of the identities that regime seeks to display through the (re)structuring of Astana’s cityscape, but it has, like Kazakhness, an incompleteness dilemma, and moreover, a dilemma of the gap between the ideal and the real.
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