송대(宋代) 설숭(契嵩)의 유불융합(儒佛融合)

Abstract

In this paper, I considered the contents related to the convergence of Confucianism and Buddhism(儒佛融合) among Qìsōng(契嵩; 1007～1072)’s thought in the early Song dynasty. Song(宋) dynasty is the peak time of Patriarchal Seon formed in the middle of Tang(唐) dynasty. But on the one hand, Patriarchal Seon as a mainstream was relatively intimidated and even the opinion of Buddhism Persecution was inaugurated in those days. Because the founder of Song dynasty had put emphasis on Confucianism as a ruling ideology. Under the situation on the one hand, Qìsōng(契嵩) suggested the thought of ‘the convergence of Confucianism and Buddhism’ in order to face the Confucian scholars’ criticism, on the other hand, he made an effort to keep the legitimacy of Seon Buddhism by arranging the lineage of Patriarchal Seon. Owing to his effort, the Confucian scholars’ criticism on Buddhism had been considerably decreased and it made an opportunity to revive Seon Buddhism. Qìsōng(契嵩)’s thought of ‘the convergence of Confucianism and Buddhism’ was well appeared in his The Collection of Simjin's Works(鐔津文集) volume 19, but he discussed about the relation between Confucianism and Buddhism gigantically in various themes in the book. Therefore in this paper, I considered the characteristics of ‘the convergence of Confucianism and Buddhism’ within three volumes, from the vol.1 to vol.4 in The Collection of Simjin's Works. Qìsōng(契嵩) understood the doctrine of the Mean(中庸) as the core of Confucianism, and ‘the subtle mind’ in Platform Sūtra(壇經) as the heart of Buddhism, then he advocated the convergence of Confucianism and Buddhism. He also proved that there is no difference between the five constant virtues(五常), humanity and justice(仁義) in Confucianism and the five Buddhist commandments(五戒), ten great virtue(十善) in Buddhism by seting up ‘filial duty(孝)’ concretely. Nevertheless the difference of ‘secular society’ and ‘samgha(僧家)’ is appeared between Confucianism and Buddhism. So he lastly concluded that “There is a need of Confucianism to rule the secular society. and there is a need of Buddhism to rule samgha.”