19세기 서울 ‘중기 南社’의 결성과 활동 양상

Abstract

Junior Writers of early Namsa(南社: Namgo Poetry club(楠皐詩社))’s writers who were active in Namch’on(南村), Sŏul between 1784 and 1840 succeeded poet club in Namch’on from 1832 and made the mid-period Namsa. The formation of the mid-period Namsa is discernible through writings of Hong Hanju(洪翰周), such as Namwŏnch’angsujipch’o(南園唱酬集鈔), Namwŏnch’angsujipsŏ(南園唱酬集序), and Namwŏnch’angsujip(南園唱酬集). This paper delineates the first phase of the mid-period Namsa from 1832 to 1839, and distinguishes the second phase from 1839 to 1865. The first phase marks its inception with the final piece of Namwŏnch’angsujipch’o. The activities of the second phase are discernible through Sagyul(槎橘), which was a selected collection of created poets of major poet clubs in Sŏul in the 19th century and other individual literary collections. Writers in the first phase(1832~1839) of mid-period Namsa were Hong Hanju, Sŏ YuYŏng(徐有英), Song Chuhŏn(宋柱獻), Hong Chaebong(洪在鳳), Sŏ Kibo(徐岐輔), Sŏ Sebo(徐世輔), Sŏ Tŭksun(徐得淳), Ch’oe Hŏnsu(崔憲秀), Yi Sŭngwŏn(李升遠), Hong Ugil(洪祐吉), Hong Kilju(洪吉周), Hong Ugŏn(洪祐健), Yi hŭi(李★土+喜), and Yi U(李㘾), totaling thirteen members. They were mainly active in Namwŏn(南園), the residence of Sŏ YuYŏng, and in the separate residence of Hong Han-ju’s relative, which was near Hyŏnsŏkdong. In the second phase(1839~1865) of mid-period Namsa, many new writers in Sŏul joined the club in addition to existing writers. Notable figures included Kwŏn Yongjŏng(權用正), Kim Sanghyŏn(金尙鉉), Kim Yŏng-jak(金永爵), Kim Chaehyŏn(金在顯), Sŏ Tangbo(徐堂輔), Sŏ Sŭngbo(徐承輔), Sŏ Jongsun(徐種淳), Sim Tuyŏng(沈斗永), Yun Chŏngjin(尹正鎭), Yi Manyong(李晩用), Yi min(李★土+敏), Im Paekgyŏng(任百經), Cho Chaeŭng(趙在應), and Hong Hyŏnju(洪顯周). These writers interacted actively with large poet clubs in Sŏul, which were formed in the mid 19th century. Particularly from 1860 to 1865, frequent gatherings between writers in Namsa such as Sŏ YuYŏng and those in ‘Puksa’ and ‘Naksa’ were caught. The characteristics of the writers in mid-period Namsa were as follows : First, they were descendants of the prominent noble families residing in Sŏul(Gyŏnghwasejok 京華世族), but didn’t hold office or were in unimportant post. Second, they were in the same faction and entangled in relatives in many cases. Third, they were juniors of early Namsa(Namgo Poetry club)’s writers. Last, they have a literary companionship beyond social classes including the Noble families in Sŏul, the fallen nobility(沒落世族), and mid-class writers(中人階層文人). This was a result that reflected the regional characteristics of Namch’on. It seems that Namsa adopted Sinunnon(神韻論) that was prevalent in the 19th century and had willing to apply it to their works. Sinunnon is a literary theory that persues a high-quality poetry based on the academic and artistic tastes of different writers when a writer's personality alone is not enough to compose a poem. While the existence of mid-period Namsa that was formed by Hong Han-ju and Sŏ YuYŏng has been consistently acknowledged in some existing studies, there has been no thesis that study the substance of Namsa in-depth. It is expected that this paper could shade light on the activities of Namsa in the mid-19th century.