한우 송아지 이유용 사료 급여 방식에 따른 반추위 발달 및 관련 후보 유전자 탐색
Effects of Feeding at Weaning Stages on Rumen Development and the Related Gene Expressions in Korean Calves
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송아지 조기 이유는 반추위 발달을 포함하여, 성장과 고기의 육질 형성에 밀접한 관련이 있다. 이유전 올바른 영양 관리 및 사료 급여에 대한 기초 기반 연구를 위하여 한우 송아지 이유용 사료 급여에따른 반추위 발달에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 한우 송아지 총 17두를 공시축으로 하여 사료급여 체계에 따라 4개의 그룹으로 나누었으며, 그룹 1은 분유, 농후사료를 급여하였고, 그룹 2는 분유, 농후사료,조사료, 그룹 3은 분유, 농후사료, 전분, 그룹 4는 관행적인 대조구로 모유를 급여하였다. 그룹별 사료섭취량은 그룹1, 2, 3 각각 0.9 kg/d, 0.88 kg/d, 0.87 kg/d였고, 그룹2에는 조사료 티모시 0.18kg/d를 추가적으로 급여하였다. 사료 에너지가는 그룹 1, 2, 3 공통적으로 DM 88%, CP 15%, TDN68% 수준이고, 그룹 3은 전분 30%를 추가 공급하여 TDN 함량을 73%로 높였다. 어미젖을 포유한 후 2주령 후부터 10주령까지 8주간에 걸쳐 각 사료 체계에 따라 급여 후, 각 그룹으로부터 반추위를 적출하여 반추위의 유전자 발현을 분석 하였다. 상피 세포의 성장과 관련이 있는 KRT4 유전자는 그룹 3에서높은 발현을 보였고, 각종 염증성 질환에 대한 면역 반응과 관련이 있는 BPIFA1 유전자는 그룹 1, 3에서 발현이 증가함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 반추위 발달에 중요한 역할을 하는 ACAT1 유전자는 조사료를급여한 그룹 2에서 발현율이 높게 나타났다. 결과적으로 송아지 조기 이유 및 양질의 조사료 급여는 반추위 발달에 긍정적으로 작용하며, 이를 실험 결과를 통하여 유전자 발현 수준에서 확인 할 수 있었다.
Abstract
Feeding calves at weaning stages influences the animal performances such as growth, meatquality and reproductivity through the involvement of early organ development. This studyexamined how different weaning feeding affects development of rumen in Korean calves. Seventeen Korean calves were exposed for 8 wks (from 2 week to 10 week) to 1 of 4weaning feeding treatments : dry milk and mixed ration offered 0.9 kg/d (group 1), dry milkand mixed ration offered 0.88 kg/d with additional bulky feed as Timothy, 0.18 kg/d (group2), dry milk, mixed ration and starch 30% offered 0.87 kg/d(group 3), and only milk (group4). Nutritional values are common in group 1, 2, 3 as DM 88%, CP 15%, TDN 68% andthe TDN is increased by 73% in group 3 resulting from 30% starch addition. After feeding trial, characteristics of physical mophology and gene expressions in rumen were analyzed for feeding treatment groups. From the observation of treated rumens, weights of the rumen wereincreased in all high-energy-diet group 1, 2, 3 compared with group 4. Papillae were evenlydeveloped in group 2 while the width of papilla was higher in group 3 than those of anyother groups. When the expressions of ruminant-stomach-related genes were compared amongtreated groups, KRT4 gene, which is related to epithelial cell growth, was up-regulated ingroup 3. In addition, expression of ACAT1 gene involved in development of the rumen wasup-regulated, while BPIFA1 gene related with immune response to various inflammatorydiseases was up-regulated in group 1 and 3. From these results, we suggest thathigh-energy-diet and fibrous bulky feeding to weaning calves can play an important role ininitial rumen development. Moreover, our results could contribute to understanding howdifferent feedings at weaning stage influence on the rumen development in Korean calves.
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