‘신고’배의 착과량 조절에 따른 수체 내한성 연구
Studies on Cold Hardiness of 'Niitaka' Pear by Fruit Load
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초록
국내에서 가장 많이 재배되고 있는‘신고’(Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Niitaka) 배의 재배 중 착과량 조절및 휴면기 저온처리에 따른 내한성을 분석하여 재배적지 설정 및 동해 방지를 위한 기초자료로 활용코자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 착과량은 주당 36개, 60개, 84개로 조절하였으며, 수확시 10a당 착과량은주당 36개 착과한 경우 2,393 kg으로 표준수량 보다 낮게 나왔다. 주당 60개를 착과한 경우에는3,439 kg으로 표준수량과 비슷하였고, 84개를 착과한 경우에는 4,270 kg으로 과다 착과가 되었다. 동해 실험은 착과량을 달리한 나무에서 1년생 가지 및 꽃눈을 채취하여 온도를 -15℃, -20℃, -25℃,-30℃ 의 4수준으로 처리한 후 발아율과 갈변율, 전해질 누출율, triphenyl tetrazoliumchloride(TTC)검정, 무기성분 및 전분 함량을 조사하였다. 꽃눈을 포함한 1년생 가지의 발아율은 착과량이 증가하고 온도가 낮아질수록 낮아졌고 착과량이 증가할수록 동해피해를 받는 것으로 나타났다. 갈변율은 착과량이 증가하고 온도가 낮을수록 증가하였다. TTC검정에서는 표준수량 보다 과다 착과한경우에는 각 온도처리별로 흡광률이 낮게 나타나 조직의 활성 정도가 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다.
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate cold hardiness that would determine optimal 'Niitaka'(Pyrus pyrifolia) pear cultivation sites, as well as prevent freezing damage. Fruit load wascontrolled by inducing 36, 60, and 84 fruits per tree at a planting distance of 6 m × 2 m. Upon harvest, the fruit load per 10 a was 2,393 kg for 36 fruits/tree, which was below thestandard yield, 3,439 kg for 60 fruits/tree, which was comparable to the standard yield of the'Niitaka' pear, and 4,270 kg for 84 fruits/tree, which was a huge fruit load. Experiments onfreezing damage were conducted by collecting one-year-old branchs and flower buds from treesharboring various fruit loads and subjecting these to four temperature levels: -15℃, -20℃, -25℃, and -30℃, followed by analyses of bud burst rate, browning rate, electrolyte leakage rate,triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) assay measurements, inorganic composition, and starchcontent. The analyses yielded the following results: the bud burst rate of one-year-old brancheswith flower buds was reduced in inverse and direct proportions to the fruit load andtemperature, respectively; fruit load and the extent of freeze damage were directly associated;browning rate increased as fruit load increased and experiment temperature decreased; in the TTC assay, which measures the respiratory activity of the tissue, a low absorbance was observed for the fruit load exceeding the standard amount at each temperature level.
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