약용작물 재배지 토양의 화학적 특성이 비소, 카드뮴, 납의 식물이용성에 미치는 영향
Effect of Soil Chemical Properties on Phytoavailability of Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead in Medicinal Plant Fields
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초록
본 연구는 중금속으로부터 안전한 약용작물을 생산하기 위한 시비방안을 제시하기 위해 토양의 화학적 특성과 식물이 이용 가능한 형태의 중금속 함량의 관계를 구명하고자 실시되었다. 전국의 173개 지점에서 재배중인 약용작물 재배지의 토양을 채취하였으며 1M NH4OAc로 식물이 이용할 수 있는 형태의중금속인 비소(As), 카드뮴(Cd), 납(Pb)의 함량과 토양의 화학적 특성을 분석하였다. pH가 증가함에 따라 식물이 이용할 수 있는 형태의 Cd과 Pb은 감소하였지만, As는 증가하였다. 유기물 함량이 증가함에따라 식물이 이용할 수 있는 Cd와 Pb의 함량은 증가했지만, As는 감소하였다. 유효인산의 함량이 증가함에 따라 식물이 이용할 수 있는 형태의 As 함량은 증가했지만 Cd과 Pb의 함량은 감소하였다. 위의결과들은 토양의 pH, 유기물 함량, 인산함량의 차이에 따라 식물이 이용할 수 있는 As의 함량과 식물이 이용할 수 있는 Cd, Pb의 함량이 대조적으로 나타나는 경향을 명확하게 보여준다. 따라서 약용작물재배지에서 중금속 안전 농산물을 생산하기 위해서는 대상으로 하는 중금속의 종류를 설정 후 시비를통한 토양의 pH, 유기물 함량, 유효인산 함량의 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
Recently, ministry of Food and Drug Safety reported that some of medicinal plants collectedin nationwide contained high level of heavy metals overing criteria value. It is necessary todetermine soil management to produce heavy metal safety medicinal plants in arable land,because most heavy metal detected in plants are mainly originated from the soil. The objectivesof this study were to determine the relationship between plant available heavy metalsconcentration and chemical properties of soil and to suggest guideline to produce heavy metalsafety medicinal plants. We collected soil samples in 173 of medicinal plant fields in Korearegion and analyzed plant available arsenic(As), cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) from the soils using1M NH4OAc solution chemical properties of soil. While plant available Cd and Pbconcentrations decreased with increasing the pH, As increased. This resulted from characteristics of these heavy metals associated with soil pH. Plant available Cd and Pb concentrationsincreased with increasing the organic matter(OM), but As decreased. The extractable Asconcentration increased with available phosphate, but extractable Cd and Pb concentrationsdecreased. The above results clearly demonstrates that changes of plant available Asconcentration and plant available Cd and Pb concentrations showed contrast tendency in differentconditions of soil pH, organic matter content, and phosphate concentration. Therefore, farmersshould determine target heavy metal at first and differently manage soil with application oflime, compost, and phosphate fertilizer for As, Cd, and Pb in medicinal plant field.
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