유기성 부산물 퇴비 처리가 상추의 뿌리혹선충 방제 및 생육에 미치는 영향
Effect of Organic Waste Composts on the Control of Root Knot Nematode and Growth in Lettuce
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식물 기생성 선충은 토양 병해의 중요한 요인 중 하나로 작물 생산에 심각한 피해를 일으키지만 토양속에서 일어나므로 그 피해를 판단하기 어렵다. 식물 기생성 선충은 주로 오이나 당근, 상추 등 많은작물의 뿌리를 통하여 침입하는데 이때 생긴 상처를 통하여 토양 전염 병원균의 감염이 발생되고 또한바이러스도 전파하여 작물의 많은 수확 손실을 가져온다. 본 연구에서는 뿌리혹선충 방제를 위한 친환경적인 방법을 찾고자 유기성 부산물의 퇴비 처리에 의한 상추의 뿌리혹선충 방제 효과와 상추 수확량,토양 화학성분 및 미생물밀도를 분석하였다. 퇴비를 처리하지 않은 무처리구와 퇴비 처리량(3,10kg/3.3m2) 별 효과를 비교한 결과, 퇴비 처리량의 증가에 따라 상추의 뿌리혹선충 발병이 유의성 있게 감소하였으며(R2=0.230, p=0.022) 따라서 수확량은 증가하였다(R2=0.360, p=0.004). 상추 근권 토양 중 방선균의 밀도도 퇴비 처리에 의하여 약 10배 정도 유의성 있게 증가하였으며(R2=0.276,p=0.013), 방선균 밀도와 수확량 간에 높은 정의 상관관계가 확인되었다(R2=0.232, p=0.021). 각 처리구의 토양 성분을 분석 비교한 결과 퇴비를 처리한 토양에서 유기물 함량과 양이온 교환용량이 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 충분히 완숙된 유기성 부산물 퇴비 처리는 상추의 뿌리혹선충의 발병율을낮추고 좋은 미생물인 방선균 밀도를 증가시킴과 동시에 토양의 지력도 향상시켜 상추 생산량을 증가시킬 수 있는 친환경적이고 효과적인 뿌리혹선충 방제법 임을 알 수 있었다.
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes cause significant yield losses in many crops, which is difficult toknow because the nematode damage occurs mostly below ground. Especially, severe infectionsby root-knot nematode(RKN) result in reduced yields of vegetables such as cucumber, carrotand lettuce. This nematode produces the disease complex by infecting the roots with soil-bornepathogens and also disseminates plant viruses to the plants. This study examined relationshipsbetween amounts of mature compost applied to soils and lettuce yield, the gall index(GI) byRKN to assess the compost treatment as an environmental-friendly and effective method tocontrol root-knot nematodes in lettuce. The results showed that compost treatment at the ratio of 10kg/3.3m2 significantly reduced GI by RKN(R2=0.230, p=0.022) and increased the yield oflettuce(R2=0.360, p=0.004) consequentially. The treatment also increased organic matter content,cation exchange capacity and the total number of actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of lettuce. The results of this study suggest that the treatment of compost can be the efficient andeconomical method for controlling the RKN in fields.
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