도플러 레이더를 이용한 트랙터 포장 작업속도 측정의 통계적 검증
Statistical Validation of Speed Measurement Using Doppler Radar in Tractor Field Operation
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
농업용 노외작업 기계는 작업속도가 변이하므로 경운 시비 방제 파종 작업등에서 주행속도를 정확하게 측정할 필요가 있다. 도플러 레이더는포장에서 속도측정의 신뢰성이 있어 견인효율 또는 변량제어 연구 등에서 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 도플러 레이더속도계를 이용하여 주행속도를 측정할 때 콘크리트 견고지면에서 보정된 기준 변환계수를 포장실험에서도 적용이 가능한지에 대한 엄격한 통계적검토와 검증을 수행하였다. 견고지면에서 얻은 기준 변환계수를 비교군으로 포장실험의 결과를 검증하기 위하여 Proc GLM을 사용하였다. 완전모델의 분산분석 결과에서 유의하지 않은 교호항을 제거한 주 변수모델에 대하여도 유의하지 않았다. 사후분석에서 보수적이고 엄격한 Scheffe 방법으로민감한 계수를 검정하였고 또한 유의하지 않았다. 기준 변환계수를 비교군으로 하여 대비처리(contrast) 하였고 유의하지 않았다. 견고지면에서 평가한기준 변환계수(a0=0.0396)와 기준절편(y0=-0.0235)을 바탕으로 평가한 변환계수(a)의 절대오차(Erra)는 –0.415×10-3 이었고, 퍼센트 오차는 –1.18% 였다. 따라서 기준 변환계수는 포장작업의 주행속도의 환산계수로 사용되어도 측정치에 심각한 오차를 초래하지 않을 것이다.
Abstract
Accurately measuring tractor speed of agricultural off-road implement is necessary in rotavating, spraying, fertilizing and seeding since tractor speed varies. The Doppler radar would be used with the researches of draft efficiency or VRA control because it is reliable in measuring tractor speed. Therefore, in this study, a rigorous statistical validation was conducted whether the reference conversion factor calibrated on a hard surface, can be applied to field operation when measuring tractor speed by the Doppler radar. Field tests were designed comparing with a control group evaluated on a hard surface test, so that the variance was analyzed via Proc GLM. After removing insignificant interaction terms from a full model, more rigorous validation via main effect model was tested and also found insignificant. In addition, the Scheffe post-hoc comparison was used to validate main factors, resulting in insignificant. The control group of reference conversion factor was contrasted with field-test groups, also resulting in insignificant. The absolute error of the conversion factor, based on the reference conversion factor (a0=0.0396) was -0.415×10-3 and –1.18% in percent error. It would not cause serious errors, when the reference conversion factor obtained from the hard surface is adopted as the conversion in field operation.
참고문헌 (22)
- Sum of squares: The basics and a surprise, "Barron S", SAS User Group, ~, pp.SAS User Group, Paper 1521-2015 (2015)
- Devesa-Rey R, "Application of an incomplete factorial design for the information of an autotrophic biofilm on rever bed sediments at a microcosms scale", J. Soils Sediments, 10, pp.1623~1632 (2010)
- Hesse H, "Digital electronic hitch control for tractors", Agricultural Engineer, (Spring) (1993)
- 주상현, "로컬푸드 성공요인 분석과 정책적 함의", 지방정부연구, 19(3), pp.291~315 (2015), 한국지방정부학회
- Keskin M, "Performance of two low-cost GPS receivers for ground speed measurement under varying speed conditions", Precision Agriculture, 18, pp.264~277 (2017)
- Kim KU, "Measurement of true forward velocity of agricultural machinery using ultrasonic-wave", J. of Korean Soc. of Agri. Mach, 19(4), pp.301~310 (1994)
- Lee SK, "A plan for expansion of provision of school meal through developing joint brand between local food and good local enterprises in Daegu, Kyungpook", Master, Major in Rural Department, pp.2014
- McLendonn DB, "Radar-based in-field distance marking", Trans. of the ASAE, 34(5), pp.2219~2224 (1991)
- Paik UB, "SAS Analysis of General Linear Model" (1990), The Institute of Statistics at Korea University:Free academy Inc
- 박원엽, "트랙터의 견인성능 예측 프로그램 개발", Journal of Biosystems Engineering, 37(3), pp.131~139 (2012), 한국농업기계학회
- Agricultural Machine System for Precision Farming, "Park WK", Institute of Agricultural Mechanization. Rural Development Administration, ~, pp.Reg. No. 31250-51840—77-0001 (2000)
- Pranav PK, "Automatic wheel slip control system in field operations for 2WD tractors", Comp. and Elec. in Agri, 84, pp.1~6 (2012)
- Quinn LM, "REG, GLM, ANOVA: Which one? Why? How?", Conference Proceedings (1999), Midwest SAS User Group
- Raheman H, "Wheel slip measurement in 2WD tractor", J. of Terr, 44, pp.89~94 (2007)
- Strategy and promoting measure of mechanization for major crops to improve the competitiveness of upland farming, "Rhee JY", MAFRA, 371~, pp.Reg. No. 11-1543000-000672-01 (2014)
- STAT User’s Guide, version 14.2, "SAS", pp.2012, SAS 9. 4
- Shaw RG, "Anova for unbalanced data: An overview", Ecology, 74(6), pp.1638~1645 (2020)
- Taylor R, "Getting the most from your tractor. MF-588, Farm Machinery and Equipment", Cooperative Extension Service, Kansas State University, ~ (1991)
- Thansandote A, "A new slip monitor for traction equipment", Transactions of the ASAE, 20, pp.851~856 (1977)
- Tompkins FD, , Transactions of the ASAE, 31(2), pp.369~374 (1988)
- Tsuha WK, "Radar true ground speed sensor for agricultural and off-road", Soc. of Auto. Eng (1982)
- Vishwanathan, "Evaluation of ground speed sensing devices under varying ground surface conditions", ASAE Annual Int. Meeting (2005)