사방공작물의 설치에 따른 저서성 대형무척추동물의 군집구조 변화
Changes of Cluster Index of Benthic Macroinvertebrates by Construction of Erosion Control Structures in Mountain Stream
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산지계류에서 사방공작물의 설치에 따른 저서성 대형무척추동물의 출현종 및 개체수의 변화에 따른 군집구조 변화를 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 돌바닥막이 구조물과 인접한 지점의 주요 분류군중 비곤충류는 상류부 C(3.8m)에서 1종, A(23.6m) 지점 3종, 또한 구조물과 다소 떨어진 하류부 E(15.7m) 및 F(26.8m) 지점도 3종 이상 출현하였다. EPT(Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichopter) 및 기타곤충류(EPT 제외)도 구조물 인접 C D지점보다 다소 떨어진 A지점, E지점 및 F지점에서 출현종이 많게 나타나 이격거리에 따라 출현종수가 차이가 남을 알 수 있었다. 돌바닥막이 구조물의 이격거리에 따라 저서성 대형무척추동물의 출현종은 최소 16종에서 최대 40종 범위이며, 개체수는 최소 683 inds./m2 에서 최대 4,06 1inds./m2 범위로 나타났다. 돌바닥막이 구조물과 인접하고 소가 있는 C(3.8m) 구간에서는 옆새우류(Gammarus sp.)와 민강도래류(Nemouridae), 녹색강도래(Sweltsa nikkoensis) 등과 같은 특정 분류군의 증식이 많아 우점도지수 값은 0.658로서 비교적 높고, 다양도지수, 균등도지수 및 풍부도지수 값은 각각 2.557, 0.639 및 2.298로서 상대적으로 낮게 나타나 출현종이 단순화되고 개체수도 적어 서식환경이 악화된 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 돌바닥막이 구조물의 설치는 산지계류에서 하천연속성을 단절시키고 인접지점은 소가 형성되어 생물서식처의 환경을 물리적으로 변화시키므로 계류의 생태적 안정을 위하여 사방구조물이 설치될 주변에 서식공간의 확보 등 적절한 대책이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
The results of the cluster index change analysis following the changes pertaining to the species and entities of Benthic Macroinvertebrates, resulting from the installation of erosion control structure at mountain streams are as follows. Among the key classifications at the location that is close to the stone grade-stabilization structures, one type of specifies appeared at the upstream C(3.8m), three types appeared at the A(23.6m) location, and at least three types appeared at the downstream E(15.7m) and F(26.8m) location that are relatively distant from the structure, each, when it comes to non-insect species. In case of EPT(Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichopter) and other insects(EPT excluded) too, numerous species appeared at the A location, E location and F location that are somewhat distant from the C and D locations that are close to the structure, which demonstrates that there is a difference in the number of species depending on the separation distance. As for the Benthic Macroinvertebrates species, the scope ranged from 16 to 40 types depending on the stone grade-stabilization structures' separation distance. As for the entities, the range was from 683 inds./m2 to 4,06 1inds./m2. In case of the C(3.8m) area that is close to the stone grade-stabilization structures and that has pond, proliferation of specific classifications such as Gammarus sp.), Nemouridae, Sweltsa nikkoensis and others took place in an explosive manner. As such, Dominance index value is relatively high with 0.658 while Diversity index, Evenness index and Richness index value were relatively lower with 2.557, 0.639 and 2.298, respectively. Likewise, the study demonstrates that the species are simplified while entities are low in number. As such, inhabitation environment worsened. Accordingly, installation of stone grade-stabilization structures obstructs stream continuity at Mountain Streams. Pond is formed at the nearby location, changing the environment of the site where plants habitate physically. Thus, to ensure the ecological stability of stream, it is necessary to develop adequate measures such as securing inhabitation space near the place where control structure is to be installed.
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