유기재배와 관행재배 단감의 탈립력 및 과특성 비교
Comparison of Fruit Detachment Force and Fruit Charateristics of Organically and Converntionally Cultivated Sweet Persimmon
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초록
본 연구는 유기재배와 관행재배 단감의 탈립성과 과품질을 조사 비교하였다. 해발 100~300 m에 위치한 유기재배 단감 과수원과 해발 70~250 m에 위치한 관행재배 단감 과수원을 선정하여 조사하였다. 재배품종은 ‘부유(Fuyu)’이며, 단감나무의 평균 수령은 19.8년으로 유기재배가 관행재배보다 평균 5년 적었다. 토양 양분관리는 관행재배의 경우 대부분 화학비료를 선호하는 편이었고, 유기재배의 경우 가축분을 주로 사용하였으며 헤어리벳치나 호밀을 녹비로 재배하고 부족한 미량원소의 공급을 위해 해조추출물이나 발효산약초추출물 사용하였다. 해충 방제를 위해 관행재배의 경우 화학농약을 년간 14~16회 살포하였고, 유기재배의 경우는 Matrine, Prethrin, Azadirachtin, Rotenone, black pepper extract 등의 식물유래 추출물과 유아등이나 페르몬트랩을 사용하였다. 단감 탄저병이나 둥근무늬낙엽병을 방제하기 위해 5% 난황유와 식물추출물 혼합제나, 1% 석회유황합제 또는 1% 황토유황합제를 주로 사용하였다. 단감나무 가지로부터 단감의 탈립력은 조사 지역간의 차이는 있지만 관행재배에 비해 유기재배 단감의 탈립력이 평균 34.0~145.7 N 높았다. 과경 두께는 지역적인 차이는 유의하지 않았으나 관행재배에 비해 유기재배 단감의 과경이 평균 0.76~1.08 mm 더 두꺼웠다. 단감의 과실 경도도 관행재배에 비해 유기재배가 평균 2.9~5.1 N 더 높았다. 단감의 과중은 유기재배 단감의 과실무게가 관행재배 단감의 과실무게보다 평균 16.0~54.4g 더 많았다. 단감 과실의 가용성 고형물함량은 진주지역을 제외하고 산청과 창원지역의 유기재배가 관행재배 보다 평균 1.4 Brix 높았다.
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the difference in fruit detachment force and fruit quality of organically and conventionally cultivated sweet persimmon fruits. The altitudes of organically and conventionally cultivated orchard were between 100 to 300 m and 70 to 250 m above sea level, respectively. Sweet persimmon, ‘Fuyu’ is the major cultivar, and the average age of plant was 19.8 years in three survey regions and organically cultivated orchards were 5 years less than conventionally cultivated orchard. In soil nutrient management, conventionally cultivated orchard are prefer chemical fertilizers. The other hand, organically cultivated orchards are mainly used livestock manure and green manure, hairy vetch and ryegrass and supplied the seaweed and fermented wild grass extracts as trace elements. In insect pest control practices, the conventionally cultivated orchard are sprayed chemical pesticides 14 to 16 times per year. The organically cultivated orchards were used plant-derived extracts, matrine, prethrin, azadirachtin, rotenone, etc, and blue light trap and pheromone traps. In plant disease practices, the 0.5% egg yolk-cooking oil and plant extracts mixture and soluble sulfur mixtures, 1% lime sulfur or 1% loess sulfur mixture was used for control agents of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Mycosphaerella nawae. In the average fruit detachment, organically cultivated orchards were higher 34.0 to 145.7 N than conventionally cultivated orchard. Although, the average fruit stalk thickness of organically cultivated orchards were not significantly different in survey regions and thicker 0.76 to 1.08 mm than conventionally cultivated orchard. Also, the average fruit firmness of organically cultivated orchards were higher 2.9 to 5.1 N compared to conventionally cultivated orchard. Although, the average fruit fresh weight of organically cultivated sweet persimmon were higher 16.0 to 54.4 g than the fresh weight of conventionally cultivated orchard. The average soluble solids content of organically cultivated sweet persimmon were higher 1.4 Brix than conventionally cultivated orchard excepted for Jinju region.
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