수집형 감자 수확기 성능 분석
Performance Analysis of Gathering Type Potato Harvester
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초록
국내 감자 수확작업은 굴취기를 이용하여 감자를 굴취한 후 인력으로 수집하는 형태로 이루어지기 때문에 수집에 노동력이 많이 소요된다. 감자는 굴취 후 지면에서 장시간 노출 시 독성물질인 solanine 합성이 일어날 뿐만 아니라 변색되어 상품성이 떨어지게 된다. 따라서, 굴취에서 수집까지 동시작업이 가능한 수집형 감자 수확기의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 수집형 감자 수확기를 개발하고자 굴취, 이송, 이물질제거, 수집부로 구성된 굴취에서 수집까지 감자 수확 일관작업이 가능한 수집형 수확기 시작기의 작업속도에 따른 성능을 분석하였다. 시작기의 성능은 굴취율, 손실율, 손상율, 이물질혼입율, 작업능률 5가지 지표를 분석하였다. 3수준(0.2, 0.24, 0.28 m/s)의 작업속도에 따른 시작기의 성능을 분석한 결과 작업속도 0.24 m/s에서 굴취율 99.9%, 손상율 4.7%, 이물질혼입율 3%, 손실율 5%로서 성능이 가장 우수하게 나타났다. 작업속도 0.24 m/s에서 작업능률은 1.3 h/10a로 관행 수확 방식 대비 92.4%의 노동력 절감 효과가 나타났다.
Abstract
In Korea, potato harvesting is conducted by using potato digger and then collected by manpower. It is required huge labor force for collecting work. After exposed on the ground, potatoes do not only synthesize solanine, a toxic substance, but also discolor. Those result in deterioration of commercial value. Therefore, a demand for gathering type potato harvester is increasing. This study was conducted to develop a gathering type potato harvester which performs digging and collecting operation continuously and analyze performance of the potato harvester. The gathering type harvester which performs digging and collecting operation continuously is composed of 4 parts of digging, conveying, debris removal and collecting. We evaluated performance of prototype harvester with 5 indicators which are digging ratio, loss ratio, damage ratio, debris mixing ratio and working capacity. Three levels (0.2, 0.24 and 0.28 m/s) of working speed were provided to investigate the performance of prototype harvester. At 0.24 m/s, the damage ratio, the debris mixing ratio and the loss ratio were 4.7%, 3% and 5%, respectively. At 0.28 m/s, the damage ratio, the debris mixing ratio and the loss ratio increased. Therefore, it was concluded that 0.24 m/s was optimal working speed that resulted in improved working capacity. At working speed of 0.24 m/s, working capacity of the prototype potato harvester was 1.3 h/10a and saved 92.4% of labor foce.
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