메밀과 율무를 대상으로 제작된 소형 콤바인의 수확 성능 분석
Harvesting Performance Analysis of Small Combine for Buckwheat and Adlay
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초록
현재 농촌은 고령화, 여성화로 인해 기계화가 요구되지만 잡곡류 수확기계의 기계화율은 약 20% 수준으로 확인되어진다. 소요노동력의 절감과기계화율 제고를 위해 소규모의 경지 조건에 따라 소형 콤바인의 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 메밀과 율무를 대상으로 소형 콤바인의시작기를 제작하여 메밀과 율무 각각의 포장과 수확 작업 시험을 진행하며 작업속도에 따른 각각의 데이터 분석을 진행하였다. 1 m/s 이상의작업속도에서 메밀의 포장, 수확 시험 결과 전체 손실 비율은 약 21.8%였다. 이 때 가장 높은 비중을 차지한 것은 탈립손실비율이 약 64.1%였고,다음으로 배진 손실비율이 약 20.9%로 측정되었다. 데이터 분석 결과 탈립손실비율과 배진손실비율에 대해서는 작업속도에 따라 손실율이 높아지는상관관계 분석 결과가 도출되었고 수집손실비율과 미예취손실비율에 대해서는 작업속도에 따른 각각의 손실율이 감소하는 상관관계를 나타냈다. 메밀의 수확 곡물의 완전립의 비율은 83.2~96.7%로 측정되었으며 작업속도와 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 율무의 포장, 수확작업 결과총곡립손실비율은 전체 작업속도에 대해 평균 약 22.8%가 측정되었다. 작업속도와 손실비율간의 상관관계 분석에서 배진 손실비율을 제외한 다른손실비율은 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 율무의 수확 곡물 품질 분석 결과 완전립의 비율은 작업속도 0.24 ~ 1.05 m/s에서 87.1~95.7%로 측정되었으며, 손상립과 지경부착립의 비율에서만 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소형 작물을 대상으로한 소형 콤바인 시작기를제작하였고, 제작된 시작기의 메밀과 율무를 대상으로한 포장, 수확 시험 결과와 이전의 연구들과 비교했을 때 시작기의 성능이 우수한 것을 확인하였으며 작업속도에 따라 손실에 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 항목을 규명하였다.
Abstract
Currently, rural areas need mechanization due to aging and feminization, but the penetration rate of grain harvesting machines is about20%. In order to reduce the required labor force and improve the mechanization rate, it is necessary to develop a small combine accordingto the conditions of the small-scale grain crops. Therefore, in this study, a prototype of a small combine for buckwheat and adlay wasproduced, and each data analysis was conducted according to the work speed while testing the packaging and harvesting of buckwheatand adlay. As a result of packing and harvesting tests of buckwheat at a working speed of 1 m/s or more, the total loss rate was about21.8%. At this time, the highest proportion was the shattering loss rate of about 64.1%, and the second was the chaff outlet loss rateof about 20.9%. As a result of data analysis, the correlation analysis result was derived that the loss rate increases according to the work speed only for the shattering loss rate and the chaff outlet loss rate. The percentage of whole grains harvested for buckwheat wasmeasured at 83.2~96.7%, and it was found that there was no correlation with the working speed. As a result of the packing and harvestingof adlay, the total grain loss ratio was measured at an average of about 22.8% for the total working speed, and the working speed andthe total grain loss ratio were found to have a positive correlation. As a result of analyzing the harvested grain quality of adlay, theratio of wholegrains was measured as 87.1~95.7% at a working speed of 0.24 ~ 1.05 m/s, and only the ratio of damaged grains andrachis branch showed a positive correlation. Therefore, in this study, a prototype of a small combine for small crops was produced, comparedto the results of packaging and harvesting tests for buckwheat and adlay, and previous studies, it was confirmed that the performanceof the prototype was excellent, and items that could affect loss depending on the work speed were identified.
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