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마킬라도라 공장과 지역 멕시칸 납품업체 사이의 학습에 관한 연구

A Study on Learning between Maquila Plant and Local Mexican Supplier

임정훈
라틴아메리카연구소 (Institute of Latin American Studies)|2013.08|이베로아메리카 연구 (Revista Asiática de Estudios Iberoamericanos)|제24권 제2호|pp. 143-173|DOI 10.22927/snuibe.2013.24.2.143

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키워드

학습Mexico멕시코Supply ChainLearning마킬라도라지역 멕시칸 납품업체공급 사슬MaquiladoraLocal Mexican Supplier
주제분류스페인어와문학

초록

이 논문은 멕시코 마킬라도라 공장과 지역 멕시칸 납품업체로 구성된 공급 사슬에서의학습 특성을 연구하였다. 논문의 저자는 멕시코 타마울리파스(Tamaulipas) 주(州)의 산업 도시인 레이노사(Reynosa) 시(市) 주변에 위치하고 있는 25개의 마킬라도라 공장들과 지역 멕시칸 납품업체들의 관리자들을 인터뷰하였다. 그 연구 결과로서 지역 멕시칸 납품업체들은 거래하고 있는 마킬라도라 공장들로부터 학습하고 있다. 주로 효율성(efficiency)과 같은 제조 과정을 비롯하여 제품, 기술, 인력 관리, ISO(International Organization for Standard) 자격 취득 과정, 안전과 같은 공장 관리까지 다양한 내용을 지역 멕시칸 납품업체들은 마킬라도라 공장들로부터 학습하고 있다. 마킬라도라 공장들 또한 소규모로부터 대규모까지의 다양한 규모와 형태의 지역 멕시칸 납품업체들과 거래를 하고 있으며 그들로부터 학습하고 있다. 마킬라도라 공장들이 지역 멕시칸 납품업체들로부터 학습하고 있는 내용은 지역의 문화로부터 제조 과정과 제품 지식과 같이 제품 생산에 직접 관련된 것까지도 포함하는 것으로 나타난다. 하지만 이러한 지역 멕시칸 납품업체들과 마킬라도라 공장들 사이의 학습 내용은 공동 제품 개발 및 생산과 같은 협력적 창업 활동(collaborative entrepreneurial activity)처럼 높은 차원의 학습 활동이라고 보기에 어렵다. 마킬라도라 공장의 지역 멕시칸 납품업체에 대한 지원도 주로 자사 제품의 생산과 관련된 기술적 역량에 초점을 맞추고 있으며 경영적 역량은 마킬라도라 공장의 직접적인 지원에 의한 것보다는, 주로 관찰 및 질문과 같은 지역 멕시칸 납품업체 스스로의 간접적인 학습에 의존하고 있으며 재무적 역량에 대한 마킬라도라 공장으로부터의 지원이나 교육은 거의 없거나 드문 것으로 나타난다.

Abstract

This study investigates the characteristics of learning in the supply chain composed of maquila plants and local Mexican suppliers in Mexico’s export processing zone. The samples come from twenty-five maquila plants and local Mexican suppliers located in the eastern US-Mexico border region;particularly in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico. The author interviewed managers of those maquila plants as well as local Mexican suppliers. As a result, local Mexican suppliers learn from Maquila plants with which they transact. Local Mexican suppliers learn various types of content such as product, technology,human resource management, ISO (International Organization for Standard)certification process, and plant management like safety as well as manufacturing processes like efficiency. In addition, maquila plants transact with various sized and types of local Mexican suppliers - from small to large sized local Mexican suppliers - and also learn from them. The learning content of maquila plants from local Mexican suppliers are directly related to production such as the manufacturing process and product knowledge as well as local culture. However,the learning content between maquila plants and local Mexican suppliers do not seem to be higher level learning activities like collaborative entrepreneurship of cooperative product development (design) or manufacturing. The assistance of maquila plants for local Mexican suppliers focuses primarily on the technological capabilities related to the production of maquila plants. For managerial capabilities, local Mexican suppliers seem to depend upon indirect learning by themselves (for example, observation and question) rather than the direct assistance from maquila plants. For financial capabilities, support is rare or nonexistent as is education from maquila plants.

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