19~20세기 통영ㆍ거제 지방의 중소형 어선 어업과 그 특징－“통구민배”의 구조적 특성과 원정 어업 관행을 중심으로－

Abstract

This paper aims to examine characteristics of fishery using tonggumin-bae, which is a representative small to middle-sized fishing boat widely employed from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century in Tongyeong and Geoje regions in Korea. Furthermore, traits and customs of fishery with small and medium sized fishing vessels of Tongyeong and Geoje regions will be determined based on the typical features of tonggumin-bae fishery. Tongyeong and Geoje were the most advanced regions in fishery across the country, and tonggumin-bae vessels were a quintessential livelihood tool that enables us to develop an understanding of traditional fishery practices in these areas and the lives of the local fishermen. First, this paper will investigate both traits of tonggumin-bae fishery and technical changes that occurred in fishing boats during the 20th century from the perspective of the fishermen's livelihood. Next, the paper will review examples of the use of tonggumin-bae by region based on historical records from the late Joseon period. Noted as "桶船”, tonggumin-bae were already recorded in Gyunyeokcheongsamok (“Section for the Equalized Tax Agency”) in the 18th century and they were also recurrently mentioned in Susaedaejang(“the tax ledger”) of Gyeongsang province by the end of the 19th century. Subsequently, the paper will explore both structural characteristics of tonggumin-bae and the ways in which the fishermen of Tongyeong and Geoje regions used this particular vessel in their actual livelihoods. Through this, the paper will show that the efficiency of tonggumin-bae can only be understood within the practical fishing activities of the fishermen rather than the technical efficiency itself. The fourth section will reveal that the fishery with tonggumin-bae in Tongyeong and Geoje regions was formed by the policy framework of the late Joseon and named offshore fishery. In addition to reviewing characteristics of and changes in small and middle-sized boat fishing in Tongyeong and Geoje regions in the 20th century transition period, the impacts of a series of social events will be examined, such as the immigration of inland inhabitants to islands at the end of the 19th century, the introduction of new fisheries and techniques, and the expansion of Japan's export market, on fishing villages along the south coast of Gyeongnam province.