18世紀 僧匠 快演의 建築術과 佛殿

Abstract

This study examined the art of building of monk architect Koi Yeon and temple in the 18th century. The results are as follows. By means of various data analysis including excavated Sangyangmun, Gimun and Hyunpan in remaining temples and record of construction, the study conjectured monk architect Koi Yeon as a monk of Hwaeomsa Temple, and he engaged in various temple building activities including Mihwangsa Daewoongjeon in Jeolla-do and Bulguksa Daewoongjeon in Gyeongsang-do. When the art of building of monk architects in general temples in the 18th century was compared with that of monk architect Koi Yeon, firstly, Koi Yeon preferred front division, an ancient technique in the formation of division of the temple. Secondly, he employed Yeonhwasoiseo type Gongpo which was the most popular type in the 18th century. While the Yeonhwasoiseo type Gongpo is used in various temples in the 18th century, it had different styles by region and monk architects. All of three temples including Bulguksa Daewoongjeon, Mihwangsa Daewoongjeon and Bulgapsa Daewoongjeon developed by monk architect Koi Yeon had same Gongpo disposition style and 4 Cheok of division distance, specific style of Gongpojegong and assembly of Guipo. Thirdly, generally, Matbae roof required more complex technology than Paljak roof. Monk architect Koi Yeon developed all temples with Paljak roof based on the full understanding on Paljak roof. In particular, he employed an innovative technique of omitting Daebo which was the most important member in roof of Bulgapsa Daewoongjeon and Bulguksa Daewoongjeon to complete the upper fixture. Fourthly, by the review of specific techniques of arts of buidling of the monk architect, it was confirmed that expression of dragon in Anchogong and Guipo was frequently used temple Jangeom. Finally, the significance of Koi Yeon’s temples in the history of architecture was that he laid a foundation of spreading advanced technologies in Jeolla-do to Gyeongsang-do especially in Gyeongju area by architectus like Koi Heang and Wonsin through the success case of Bulguksa Daewoongjeon.