A Scoping Review of Therapeutic Songwriting: Target Populations and Purposes
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Therapeutic songwriting (TSW) refers to the collaborative process of making lyrics and music between therapist and participant within a therapeutic relationship. This scoping review aimed to identify the target populations and intervention purposes of TSW by analyzing 134 studies. Following Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage framework, a systematic search was conducted across five international and three Korean databases. Studies were included if songwriting was the primary therapeutic intervention. The review addressed three core questions: (1) What are the general characteristics of TSW studies? (2) Which populations have been targeted? (3) What are the primary purposes and reported outcomes of these interventions? Results revealed that TSW has been applied across various groups, including developmental, psychiatric, medical, geriatric, trauma and addiction, caregiver, and other populations, with therapeutic goals categorized into six domains: emotional expression and regulation; identity and self-concept development; coping, resilience, and adaptation; social connection and communication; illness insight and recovery; and reconstruction of meaning and purpose. Among these, emotional expression, adaptive coping, and self-understanding emerged as the most common goals. These findings provide practical insights for music therapists in designing tailored, goal-oriented interventions, and highlight the clinical utility of TSW as a flexible and evidence-based intervention across diverse practice settings.
Abstract
Therapeutic songwriting (TSW) refers to the collaborative process of making lyrics and music between therapist and participant within a therapeutic relationship. This scoping review aimed to identify the target populations and intervention purposes of TSW by analyzing 134 studies. Following Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage framework, a systematic search was conducted across five international and three Korean databases. Studies were included if songwriting was the primary therapeutic intervention. The review addressed three core questions: (1) What are the general characteristics of TSW studies? (2) Which populations have been targeted? (3) What are the primary purposes and reported outcomes of these interventions? Results revealed that TSW has been applied across various groups, including developmental, psychiatric, medical, geriatric, trauma and addiction, caregiver, and other populations, with therapeutic goals categorized into six domains: emotional expression and regulation; identity and self-concept development; coping, resilience, and adaptation; social connection and communication; illness insight and recovery; and reconstruction of meaning and purpose. Among these, emotional expression, adaptive coping, and self-understanding emerged as the most common goals. These findings provide practical insights for music therapists in designing tailored, goal-oriented interventions, and highlight the clinical utility of TSW as a flexible and evidence-based intervention across diverse practice settings.