6.25전쟁과 일본의 경찰예비대 - 미 극동군이 미친 영향에 관하여

Abstract

This paper, mainly based on the document of “The History of the National Police reserve of Japan, from July 1950 to April 1952,” studies how the US Far‐East Military Forces affected the founding and development of the Japan’s Police Reserve. The outline of the paper is the following. The outbreak of the Korean War was so tremendous and widespread that the General Headquarter in Tokyo launched the Japan’s National Police Reserve as ‘covered planning.’ The strong intervention of the Chinese People’s Volunteer Force into the war forced General MacArthur, the commander of the GHQ, to provide it with US‐style ground weapon systems. And General Ridgeway, replacing the GHQ commander, urgently needed to introduce colonel class officers of the Imperial Army with command and staff capabilities to reinforce the current military status to cope with the Soviet’s threats to Japan. These urgent and severe military requests reshaped the characteristics of the police force into military force for defending Japan. The introducing the ex‐army officers, causing the fear of revitalizing militarism, had contributed the consolidation and introducing modern military US style tactics by studying the Japanese way of waging war by Imperial Army and Navy; the study was initiated by eleven members including colonel class ex‐officers. Therefore, the National Police Reserve succeeded the US weapons and US style military doctrine and so on for the bases for the Japan‐US relationships. And another issue was to develop its own defensive doctrine differing from that of the US forces as expeditionary ones nor that of Imperial army with exclusively offensive ones.