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직장인의 직무 스트레스와 스트레스 대처 전략에 관한 성차 연구

Gender Influences on the Job Stress and Stress Coping Strategies

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초록

직장인이 경험하는 스트레스의 부정적 영향에 관한 많은 연구가 있다. 그러나 여성 인력의 사회 진출이 급격히 증가하였음에도, 남성 직장인에 비해 상대적으로 여성 직장인에 대한 체계적인 직무 스트레스 연구가 여전히 부족한 실정이다. 또한 남녀 직장인이 스트레스에 어떻게 대처하는 지에 관한 연구도 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 직무 스트레스 유발 요인과 스트레스 대처 전략의 남녀 간 차이를 탐색하고자 한다. 다음으로, 스트레스 대처 전략과 직무 스트레스가 어떠한 관련이 있는지 살펴보고자 한다. 연구는 서울 및 경기도에 거주하는 501명의 직장인을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 여성 직장인이 남성 직장인에 비해 더 많은 직무 스트레스를 경험한다고 보고하였으며, 사회적 지지 추구 대처 전략을 사용한다고 보고하였다. 또한 남녀 모두에서 적절한 문제해결 대처 전략이 낮은 직무 스트레스를 예측하였고, 오히려 회피 대처 전략은 높은 직무 스트레스와 관련되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 직장인을 위한 적절한 스트레스 대처 전략 활용에 대한 교육의 필요성과 남녀 직장인에 대한 다른 접근법이 필요함을 시사한다.

Abstract

A significant body of research focuses on job stress and its negative results. Few studies have, however, examined job stress among female employees and the relationship between job stress and stress coping strategies. This study addresses this gap in the literature through an analysis of job stress and coping strategies of a sample of 501 employees and an analysis of gender differences. The findings suggest that female employees reported more job stresses than male employees. Among stress coping strategies, female employees reported more social support seeking than male employees among stress coping strategies, whereas male employees reported more problem solving strategies than did female employees. Problems solving strategy related to less job stress on both female and male employees, however avoidance strategy related to more job stress on both female and male employees. Discussion and future directions were discussed.

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