수륙재 <하단>에 보이는 죽음 형상의 보편성

Abstract

This article explores the relations between Suryukjae, one of the Buddhistic rituals, and Korean shamanism, Gamrotaeng and Yeoje. Centering around the aspects of death shown in each of the rituals, this paper considered the meaning. In Suryukjae <Hadan>, they call out several ghosts that experienced miserable death and send them to Heaven. Such aspects of death correspond to the several aspects of death shown in Gamrotaeng Hadan. In Yeoje, too, they call out several spirits not receiving a memorial ceremony for having died miserably, and the aspects of death correspond to those of Suryukjae or Gamrotaeng. In the latter part of Korean Mudanggut, there is <Duitjeongeori> in each region, that is,Gutgeori which calls out demons or evil spirits to feed them. Because their names are different but contents or functions are similar, the researcher named it <Duitjeonryu> for examination and found the aspects of death embodied there were similar to those of Suryukjae. Through this consideration, we can see that shamanism and Buddhism are closely related with each other. Not only the general aspects of death are similar, but their rituals to send them to Heaven also correspond. In addition, since the purpose of Yeoje or the aspects of death also correspond, we can see there is some connection between the Korea’s Buddhistic rituals, Confucian rituals, and shamanistic rituals. Considering the fact that Suryukjae and Yeoje started in China and then were transmitted to Korea, we can assume that they may have influenced each other in the formation of death in shamanistic Duitjeonryu. Based on the fact that Yeoje was conducted as a sort of folk belief in Hamgyeong-do or Jindo, the formation of death in <Duitjeonryu> was affected by Buddhistic or Confucian rituals and was realized with the foundation of original shamanistic death rites. With this kind of discussion, we can establish multilateral views to see the aspects of death shown in Korean shamanism, <Duitjeonryu>. In particular, follow-up research should deal with the relations between Suryukjae and shamanism, and Yeoje and shamanism further afterwards.