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폐결핵 진단을 위한 적절한 객담 검체수와 올바른 결핵검사 이용

Appropriate Number of Sputum Specimens and Optimal Use of Mycobacterial Tests for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

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초록

배경:폐결핵의 진단에 있어서 적절한 객담 검체수와 결핵검사(항산염색, 항산균배양, 직접 PCR법)의 이용 양상에 대하여 조사하였다. 방법:2000년 9월부터 2004년 3월까지 환자병력지 진단명과 미생물 검사에서 결핵균이 배양된 결핵환자 1,520명으로부터의 객담 8,216 검체에 대한 결핵검사 결과(항산염색 8,216건, 항산균배양 4,728건, 직접 PCR 345건)를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과:항산염색에서 첫번째 검체가 양성이었던 경우는 77.6%이었으며, 두번째, 세번째 및 이후 검체에서 추가되는 검출율은 14.3%, 4.1%, 4.0%이었다. 항산균배양에서는 각각 78.6%, 14.6%, 4.0%, 2.9% 이었고, 직접 PCR에서는 83.6%, 12.3%, 2.7% 및 1.4%이었다. 객담 3개를 의뢰한 경우가 항산염색 14.0%, 항산균 배양 13.4%이었으며, 직접 PCR법을 4개 이상 검사한 경우는 9.9%이었다. 객담의 질이 부적절한 검체는 항산염색의 72.2%, 항산균배양의 73.1% 및 직접 PCR의 80.8%를 차지하였고, 객담의 질은 항산염색(P =0.000)과 항산균배양(P = 0.038)에서 검출율과 관련되었으나, 직접 PCR법(P = 0.607)과는 관련성이 없었다. 결론:폐결핵의 진단을 위하여 연속 객담검체 3개에 대하여 염색과 배양을 실시하는 것이 적절하고,결핵검사의 올바른 이용과 검체채집에 대한 교육이 필요할 것으로 생각되었다.

Abstract

Background:We evaluated an appropriate number of sputum specimens and usage of mycobacterial tests (AFB stain, culture and direct PCR) for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: We reviewed retrospectively the results of mycobacterial tests (AFB stain 8,216, culture 4,728, direct PCR 345) for 8,216 sputum specimens from 1,520 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis from September, 2000 to March, 2004. Results: The cumulative detection rates of acid-fast bacilli by AFB stain was 77.6% in the first specimen, 91.9% in the second, 98.0% in the third and 100% in any specimen submitted later than the third. The respective figures were 78.6%, 93.1%, 97.1% and 100% for AFB culture, and 83.6%, 95.9%, 98.6% and 100% for direct PCR. Three consecutive sputum specimens were submitted only in 14.0% for AFB stain and 13.4% for culture. The quality of sputum graded by Gram stain was poor in 72.2% for AFB stain, 73.1% for culture and 80.8% for direct PCR. The quality of sputum was found to affect significantly the positive rates of AFB stain ( P = 0.000) and culture ( P = 0.038), but not the rate of direct PCR ( P = 0.607). Conclusion: Three sequential sputum specimens are needed to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis effectively and the importance of sputum quality and appropriate use of mycobacterial tests should be emphasized.

참고문헌 (20)

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