복막투석 복막염의 원인균 검출을 위한 16S rRNA 유전자 표적 차세대 염기분석법의 적용
Application of 16S rRNA Gene-Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing for Bacterial Pathogen Detection in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Peritonitis
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요약배경: 복막염은 복막투석과 관련된 가장 흔한 합병증이며, 효과적인 치료를 위해서는 원인균의신속 정확한 동정이 필수적이다. 차세대 염기서열분석법(NGS)을 이용하여 16Sr RNA 유전자를표적으로 미생물을 검출할 수 있는데, 지금까지 해외 연구에서 요, 혈액 및 관절액 등 검체에서검출이 가능하다고 알려져 있지만, 복막투석액을 이용한 보고는 아직까지 없다. 본 연구에서는NGS를 이용하여 복막투석 복막염의 원인균 검출이 가능한지 알아보았다. 방법: 2018년 4월 한달간 복막투석 복막염이 의심되어 배양을 의뢰한 총 21명의 환자를 대상으로통상적인 배양법과 16S rRNA 유전자 표적 차세대 염기서열분석법의 결과를 비교하였다. 임상적인 특징은 담당 주치의가 전자의무기록을 검토하여 파악하였다. 결과: 복막투석액의 microbiome은 검체마다 다양한 양상을 보였는데, 1-29 종의 genus로 구성되었다. 차세대 염기서열분석법으로 분석 가능했던 18개 검체 중 6개 검체(CAPD01, CAPD02, CAPD04, CAPD07, CAPD08, CAPD19)의 배양에서 검출된 균과 동일한 속(genus)의 균주를 확인할 수 있었다. 6개 검체에서 Bacteroides나 Prevotella같은 혐기성 균종을 추가로 검출할 수 있었고, 세균배양 음성이었던 5검체 중 3개의 검체(CAPD06, CAPD14, CAPD17)에서 병원균의 가능성이높은 genus를 검출할 수 있었다. 결론: 본 연구는 복막투석 복막염 진단을 위해 차세대 염기서열분석법을 최초로 적용한 결과, 16S rRNA 표적 NGS는 혐기성 세균의 검출과 배양 음성 검체에서 병원균의 확인에 추가적인 도움을 줄 수 있는 것으로 생각되었다.
Abstract
Background: 16S rRNA gene-targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) can detect microorganisms in a comprehensive reference database. To date, NGS has been successfully applied to samples such as urine, blood, and synovial fluid. However, there is no data for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) fluid. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of microbiome analysis of CAPD fluids for the diagnosis of CAPD peritonitis. Methods: We included 21 patients with high suspicion of CAPD peritonitis. Routine CAPD fluid culture was performed using a pellet of 50 mL CAPD fluid onto the chocolate and blood agar for two days, and thioglycollate broth for one week. 16S rRNA gene-targeted NGS of pellets, stored at -70°C was performed with MiSeq (Illumina, USA). Results: Many colonized or pathogenic bacteria were detected from CAPD fluids using NGS and the microbiomes were composed of 1 to 29 genera with a cut-off 1.0. Compared to the culture results, NGS detected the same pathogens in 6 of 18 valid results (three samples failed with low read count). Additionally, using NGS, anaerobes such as Bacteroides spp. and Prevotella spp. were detected in six patients. In two of five samples in which no bacterial growth was detected, possible pathogens were detected by NGS. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report about the application of 16S rRNA genetargeted NGS for diagnosis of CAPD peritonitis. Etiology of culture-negative CAPD peritonitis can be better defined in NGS. Furthermore, it also helped the detection of anaerobic bacteria.
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