CTX-M-9형 extended-spectrum β-lactamase 생성 Enterobacter cloacae의출현
Emergence of CTX-M-9 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacter cloacae Isolates
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배경:부산의 한 대학병원에서 분리된 Enterobacter cloacae를 대상으로 Ambler class A extendedspectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)의 종합적인 생성 현황을 조사하고 이들 효소를 생성하는 균주의 감염역학을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법:2003년에 고신대학교 복음병원 환자에서 분리된 E. cloacae를 대상으로 항균제에 대한 감수성을 디스크확산법으로 시험하였으며, ESBL 생성은 double disk synergy (DDS) 시험으로 조사하였다. ESBL 생성 균주의 cefotaxime 내성 전달성을 접합으로 시험하였다. β-lactam 항균제의 최소억제농도를 한천희석법으로 측정하였으며, TEM형, SHV형, CTX-M형, PER-1형, VEB형, IBC형, GES형 및 TLA형 유전자를 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)으로 검출하였고 PCR 산물의 염기서열을 양방향으로 분석하였다. β-lactamase의 pI값을 Isoelectric focusing으로 측정하였다. CTX-M-9 유전자를 지닌 균주를 대상으로 enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR로 유전형을 분류하고 균주의 역학적 연관성을 조사하였다. 결과:시험기간 중 분리된 E. cloacae 148주의 ceftazidime, cefotaxime 및 aztreonam에 대한 내성율은 각각 50.0%, 29.6% 및 48.0%이었으며, 광범위 β-lactam 항균제 하나 이상에 중간 혹은 내성인 50주 중 41주(27.7%)가 DDS 양성이었다. 대상 균주 중 1주(2%)는 blaTEM-52, 16주(32%)는 blaSHV-12, 4주(8%)는 blaCTX-M-9 유전자만을 지니고 있었으며, 19주(38%)는 blaSHV-12 와 blaCTX-M-9 유전자를 동시에 지니고 있었다. blaCTX-M-9 유전자를 지닌 균주(23주)는 ERIC PCR에 의하여 9가지 형으로 분류되었다. 결론:부산의 한 대학병원에서 분리되는 E. cloacae는 ESBL을 흔히 생성하며, SHV-12와 CTX-M-9이 가장 흔한 ESBL임을 확인할 수 있었다. CTX-M-9 생성 E. cloacae는 ERIC PCR에 의하여 다양한 유전형으로 분류되어 동일 감염원에서 유래되지 않았음을 확인할 수 있었다.
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and to investigate the molecular epidemiology of Ambler class A extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacter cloacaeisolates in a university hospital in Busan, Korea. Methods: Non-duplicated clinical isolates of E. cloacae from patients admitted in Kosin University Gospel Hospital were collected during the period from January through September, 2003. ESBL-production was examined by the double-disk synergy test (DDST) and the transferability of cefotaxime-resistance by conjugation. MICs of β-lactam antibiotics were determined by the agar dilution method and Ambler class A ESBL genes were searched by PCR amplification. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR was performed to investigate epidemiological relationships among blaCTX-M-9 gene-carrying E. cloacaeisolates. Results: Antimicrobial resistance rates of E. cloacae isolates (n=148) to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and aztreonam were 50.0%, 29.6%, and 48.0%, respectively. Among 50 E. cloacae isolates intermediate or resistant to more than one expanded-spectrum β-lactam agent, 41 (27.7%) showed positive results in DDST; of these 41 isolates, 1 was found to carry blaTEM-52 gene, 16 carried blaSHV-12 gene, 4 blaCTX-M-9 gene, and 19 both blaSHV-12 and blaCTX-M-9 genes. The 23 E. cloacae isolates carrying blaCTX-M-9 gene showed 9 different profiles by ERIC PCR. Conclusion: ESBL-producing E. cloacae was not uncommon in a university hospital in Busan, Korea. The commonest types of ESBLs produced by E. cloacaeisolates were SHV-12 and CTX-M-9. CTX-M-9 ESBL-producing E. cloacaeisolates showed diverse ERIC-PCR profiles, indicating that they were not originated from a common source.
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