Effects of Contextual Predictability Clues in Speech Materials on the Korean Speech Intelligibility Index
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Purpose: This study aimed to derive band-importance functions (BIFs) and transfer functions (TFs) according to contextual predictability clues to determine the influence of contextual predictability clues in Korean speech material on the speech intelligibility index (SII). Methods: This study was conducted on 156 native speakers of Korean who had normal hearing. Korean speech perception in noise test material, which was composed of 120 high-predictability and 120 low-predictability sentences, was used for stimuli. To obtain intelligibility data, participants were tested for intelligibility in various frequency ranges and signal-to-noise ratio conditions. In order to derive the BIF and the TF, a nonlinear optimization procedure using MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc.) was used. Results: The BIF derived from the high-predictability sentences showed a peak in areas of 700 Hz (7.0%), 1,850 Hz (8.5%), and 4,800 Hz (7.6%). The crossover frequency for the high-predictability sentences was around 1,370 Hz. The BIF derived from the low-predictability sentences showed a peak in areas of 570 Hz (7.5%), 1,850 Hz (9.3%), and 4,000 Hz (8.0%). The crossover frequency for the low-predictability sentences was around 1,600 Hz. In the case of the TF, the TF curves derived from high-predictability sentences were steeper than those derived from low-predictability sentences. Conclusion: In the SII model, speech intelligibility differs according to contextual predictability clues. Especially, the more contextual predictability clues at the identical audibility, the higher the intelligibility predicted by the SII. Therefore, accurate speech intelligibility prediction requires the use of SII considering the contextual predictability clues that are characteristic of the stimulus.
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to derive band-importance functions (BIFs) and transfer functions (TFs) according to contextual predictability clues to determine the influence of contextual predictability clues in Korean speech material on the speech intelligibility index (SII). Methods: This study was conducted on 156 native speakers of Korean who had normal hearing. Korean speech perception in noise test material, which was composed of 120 high-predictability and 120 low-predictability sentences, was used for stimuli. To obtain intelligibility data, participants were tested for intelligibility in various frequency ranges and signal-to-noise ratio conditions. In order to derive the BIF and the TF, a nonlinear optimization procedure using MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc.) was used. Results: The BIF derived from the high-predictability sentences showed a peak in areas of 700 Hz (7.0%), 1,850 Hz (8.5%), and 4,800 Hz (7.6%). The crossover frequency for the high-predictability sentences was around 1,370 Hz. The BIF derived from the low-predictability sentences showed a peak in areas of 570 Hz (7.5%), 1,850 Hz (9.3%), and 4,000 Hz (8.0%). The crossover frequency for the low-predictability sentences was around 1,600 Hz. In the case of the TF, the TF curves derived from high-predictability sentences were steeper than those derived from low-predictability sentences. Conclusion: In the SII model, speech intelligibility differs according to contextual predictability clues. Especially, the more contextual predictability clues at the identical audibility, the higher the intelligibility predicted by the SII. Therefore, accurate speech intelligibility prediction requires the use of SII considering the contextual predictability clues that are characteristic of the stimulus.
참고문헌 (25)
- American National Standards Institute, "ANSI S3.5-1997 (R2012). American National Standard Methods for Calculation of the Speech Intelligibility Index", Acoustical Society of America, ~ (1997)
- American National Standards Institute, "ANSI", ASA S3.1-1999 (R2013). Maximum Permissible Ambient Noise Levels for Audiometric Test Rooms, 2013
- Amlani, A. M., "Methods and applications of the audibility index in hearing aid selection and fitting", Trends in Amplification, 6(3), pp.81~129 (2002)
- An, L. J., "The study on developing a test of speech perception in noise", Journal of Audiology and Otology, 6(2), pp.118~127 (2002)
- Black, J. W., "Equally contributing frequency bands in intelligibility testing", Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 2(1), pp.81~83 (1959)
- Byrd, R. H., "An interior point algorithm for large-scale nonlinear programming", SIAM Journal on Optimization, 9(4), pp.877~900 (1999)
- DePaolis, R. A., "Frequency importance functions for words, sentences, and continuous discourse", Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39(4), pp.714~723 (1996)
- Fleiss, J. L., "Balanced incomplete block designs for inter-rater reliability studies", Applied Psychological Measurement, 5(1), pp.105~112 (1981)
- Healy, E. W., "Band importance for sentences and words reexamined", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 133(1), pp.463~473 (2013)
- 허소희, "화자의 성별에 따른 한국형 주파수중요함수 및 절대전달함수 비교", Audiology and Speech Research, 14(4), pp.236~242 (2018), 한국청각언어재활학회
- Hinkelmann, K., "Design and Analysis of Experiment" (2005), Wiley-Interscience
- Jin, I. K., "Derivations of the band-importance function : A cross-procedure comparison", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 138(2), pp.938~941 (2015)
- Jung, A. F., "Interviewer differences among automile purchasers", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C (Applied Statistics), 10(2), pp.93~97 (1961)
- Kates, J. M., "Improved estimation of frequency importance functions", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 134(5), pp.EL459~EL464 (2013)
- Kim, J. S., "Development of a test of Korean speech intelligibility in noise(KSPIN)using sentence materials with controlled word predictability", Speech Sciences, 7(2), pp.37~50 (2000)
- 김진숙, "한국어 유의미 단음절의 초·중·종성 주파수 분석 연구", Audiology and Speech Research, 9(2), pp.127~136 (2013), 한국청각언어재활학회
- Lagarias, J. C., "Convergence properties of the Nelder-Mead simplex method in low dimensions", SIAM Journal on Optimization, 9(1), pp.112~147 (1998)
- Lindblom, B., "Phonetic Experimental Research at the Institute of Linguistics", pp.65~100 (1990), University of Stockholm
- Marchand, P., "Binomial smoothing filter : A way to avoid some pitfalls of least-squares polynomial smoothing", Review of Scientific Instruments, 54(8), pp.1034~1041 (1983)
- 오홍엽, "명료어음과 일반 발성법에 의해 산출된 주파수중요함수와 전달함수 비교", Audiology and Speech Research, 15(3), pp.168~175 (2019), 한국청각언어재활학회
- Studebaker, G. A., "A frequency importance function for continuous discourse", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 81(4), pp.1130~1138 (1987)
- Wong, L. L. N., "Development of the Cantonese speech intelligibility index", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121(4), pp.2350~2361 (2007)
- Yang, Z. F., "Extension of structural watermarks based on balanced incomplete block designs", Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, 2(4), pp.354~365 (2011)
- Yates, F., "Incomplete randomized blocks", Annals of Eugenics, 7(2), pp.121~140 (1936)
- Yoho, S. E., "Speech-material and talker effects in speech band importance", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 143(3), pp.1417~1426 (2018)