성매개감염 진단의 현재와 향후 발전 방향
Syndromic Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infection: Current and Future Demand
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성매개감염은 전세계적으로 주요한 공중보건 문제 중의 하나로, 적절한 치료를 받지 않은 성매개감염은 불임 또는 특정 암과 같은 심각한 합병증을 유발할 수 있다. 따라서 성매개감염의 적절한 조기진단 및 무증상 보균자의 선별은 치료하지 않은 감염의 합병증을 예방하고 전파를 방지하는 데 중요하다. 성매개감염 진단을 위한 기존의 배양법 및 항원/항체 면역 분석법은 민감도가 낮고 소요시간이 길다는 한계점이 있다. 반면 핵산증폭검사법을 기반으로 한 syndromic testing은 유사한 증상을 일으키는 질환군에 대한 병원체들을 한 번에 검사하여 환자의 진단과 치료 개선에 결정적인 역할을 하고 있다. 본 종설에서는 성매개감염 진단에 사용 중인 핵산증폭검사법들을 간략히 살펴보고 이를 기반으로 향후 syndromic testing의 발전 방향에 대해 논하고자 한다.
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major global public health problem, with significant social burden worldwide. Accurate and appropriate diagnosis and treatment of STIs are important for preventing the transmission of STIs as well as major health consequences of untreated STIs, such as infertility and certain cancer. For diagnosis of STIs, the application of conventional culture and immunoassays is limited by their low sensitivity and long turnaround time. Nucleic acid amplification tests for STIs allow for syndromic tests for multiple pathogens simultaneously and show high sensitivity with a short turnaround time. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of commercially available multiplex molecular platforms and the features needed in next-generation syndromic tests for STIs.
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