Current nonculture-based diagnosis of candidemia
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Candidemia is the most common healthcare-associated invasive fungal infection with highcrude mortality rates. It primarily affects critically ill or severely immunocompromised patients,complicating early diagnosis and prompting the initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy. The gold standard for diagnosing candidemia is blood culture; however, the sensitivity of thistest is low and requires at least two days for species identification. These limitations haveled to the development of alternative diagnostic methods that are more sensitive and haveshorter turnaround times. Here, we review the currently available methods for the nonculturebased diagnosis of candidemia, including (i) immunological diagnostics targeting Candidarelated antigens, (ii) human antibodies to Candida-related antigens, and (iii) moleculardiagnostics. The strengths, uses, and limitations of each methodology are discussed. Immunological diagnostics targeting Candida-related antigens and human antibodiesto these antigens provide supportive evidence for diagnosing candidemia. Advances inmolecular diagnostics have shown promising results in facilitating early candidemia diagnosis,potentially improving patient outcomes
Abstract
Candidemia is the most common healthcare-associated invasive fungal infection with highcrude mortality rates. It primarily affects critically ill or severely immunocompromised patients,complicating early diagnosis and prompting the initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy. The gold standard for diagnosing candidemia is blood culture; however, the sensitivity of thistest is low and requires at least two days for species identification. These limitations haveled to the development of alternative diagnostic methods that are more sensitive and haveshorter turnaround times. Here, we review the currently available methods for the nonculturebased diagnosis of candidemia, including (i) immunological diagnostics targeting Candidarelated antigens, (ii) human antibodies to Candida-related antigens, and (iii) moleculardiagnostics. The strengths, uses, and limitations of each methodology are discussed. Immunological diagnostics targeting Candida-related antigens and human antibodiesto these antigens provide supportive evidence for diagnosing candidemia. Advances inmolecular diagnostics have shown promising results in facilitating early candidemia diagnosis,potentially improving patient outcomes
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