Current status of mycobacterial identification in clinical laboratories in Korea
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Accurate identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) andnontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is crucial for effective patient management. Withdeclining tuberculosis and rising NTM infections in South Korea, rapid diagnostics areessential. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current diagnostic methods formycobacterial identification used in Korean clinical laboratories. The field has shifted fromconventional methods, such as acid-fast bacilli staining, culture, and biochemical tests, towardrapid technologies. In Korea, immunochromatographic assays (ICA) targeting the MPT64antigen are widely used to differentiate MTBC from NTM. For species-level NTM identification,laboratories employ advanced techniques including mycolic acid analysis, matrix-assistedlaser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and diversemolecular assays. Prominent molecular diagnostics include real-time PCR, PCR-restrictionfragment length polymorphism (RFLP), line probe assays (LPA), and DNA sequencing of geneslike 16S rRNA and rpoB. These modern techniques offer significantly improved speed andaccuracy, replacing traditional approaches in routine diagnostics. In South Korea, moderntools have supplanted conventional methods for mycobacterial identification. Real-timePCR and antigen detection are the primary assays for identifying MTBC in cultures. For NTMspecies, laboratories use a range of techniques including PCR-RFLP, HPLC, LPA, MALDITOF MS, and sequencing. Next-generation sequencing is poised to become a pivotal futuretool, offering comprehensive species identification and simultaneous profiling of drugresistance. Those modern techniques will transform diagnostic and surveillance strategies formycobacterial diseases.
Abstract
Accurate identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) andnontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is crucial for effective patient management. Withdeclining tuberculosis and rising NTM infections in South Korea, rapid diagnostics areessential. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current diagnostic methods formycobacterial identification used in Korean clinical laboratories. The field has shifted fromconventional methods, such as acid-fast bacilli staining, culture, and biochemical tests, towardrapid technologies. In Korea, immunochromatographic assays (ICA) targeting the MPT64antigen are widely used to differentiate MTBC from NTM. For species-level NTM identification,laboratories employ advanced techniques including mycolic acid analysis, matrix-assistedlaser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and diversemolecular assays. Prominent molecular diagnostics include real-time PCR, PCR-restrictionfragment length polymorphism (RFLP), line probe assays (LPA), and DNA sequencing of geneslike 16S rRNA and rpoB. These modern techniques offer significantly improved speed andaccuracy, replacing traditional approaches in routine diagnostics. In South Korea, moderntools have supplanted conventional methods for mycobacterial identification. Real-timePCR and antigen detection are the primary assays for identifying MTBC in cultures. For NTMspecies, laboratories use a range of techniques including PCR-RFLP, HPLC, LPA, MALDITOF MS, and sequencing. Next-generation sequencing is poised to become a pivotal futuretool, offering comprehensive species identification and simultaneous profiling of drugresistance. Those modern techniques will transform diagnostic and surveillance strategies formycobacterial diseases.