조선총독부 검정 『신찬대일본제국사략』의 역사서술

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine historical awareness in Japanese history textbook for secondary school in the 1910s, by investigating history description in Shinchandaeilbonjeguksaryak(New Concise History of the Empire of Japan) authorized by the Japanese Government-General of Choseon. Shinchandaeilbonjeguksaryak well demonstrates the aspects of a textbook specialized for colonial Choseon. While Korean history was inserted in Japanese history during ancient and modern times when there were active exchanges between the two nations, there is a dual system of Korean and Japanese history for the rest of the periods. Furthermore, the parts related to Korea account for a fifth of the entire content. Each period was accompanied by a small unit called “Relations with the Inland” to show constant exchanges between Korea and Japan. Even though there was no content about Korean history in the curriculum, it was handled with importance in the actual textbook. The specific descriptions of Shinchandaeilbonjeguksaryak have three characteristics: first, it clearly manifests the intention of forming the national consciousness to admire the national polity, which was one of the objectives of teaching Japanese history by the Japanese Government-General of Choseon. The textbook reduced or excluded the content that could make Korean students, who had weak consciousness as Japanese citizens, doubt the view of national polity even if the content was part of the essential elements of the national curriculum in Japan. Secondly, the textbook placed a focus of Korean history study on teaching subordinative Korea’s international relations. It wrote about the ongoing exchanges and friendly relations between Korea and Japan while emphasizing the superiority of Japan. It tried to increase its persuasive power regarding Korea-Japan relations by giving various examples and offering even Korean historic data. Also, it depicted Korea-China relations as China’s one-sided interference and ruling. Especially, its intensive illumination of the foundation of Qing Dynasty and Jyeongmyo and Byeongja Horan shows that the Manseonsagwan(滿鮮史觀) had already penetrated the entire educational community in the 1910s. Finally, Shinchandaeilbonjeguksaryak contained the intention of the Japanese residents in Korea, who had enormous political and social influences in the early days of Korea’s annexation to Japan, to justify it. When the Japanese history circles and the Japanese Government-General of Choseon denied Dangun, the textbook included the description about him because of the theory to regard him in a positive sense around the Japanese residents in Korea. The description that the movement of loyal troops led to the collapse of Choseon is also the reflection of the logic, which was “Korea is responsible for its annexation to Japan,” introduced in the magazine Choseon. Shinchandaeilbonjeguksaryak offered a clue for colonial history education. It was published very early by a publishing company set up by a Japanese resident in Korea, and the Japanese Government-General of Choseon strongly supported its circulation via the tool of authorization. Given that a teacher of a public school called Mikuniya Sanshiro participated in its publication, it is closer to a government designated textbook rather than a common authorized textbook. Most of Korean students started to systematically learn the content of colonial history in the textbook as a regular subject. The textbook omitted many of the important flows in Korean history compared with its successors and tried to exclude the elements of Japanese history threatening to colonial ruling as many as possible. It focused on assimilation of Korea into Japan in the emotional sense through the history of Korea-Japan relations and the formation of national consciousness instead of history study, which confirms the fact that colonial education during the military ruling period was as instrumental as that during the war basis period.