SARIMAX 모형을 이용한 공공자전거 수요추정과 평가: 서울시의 COVID-19 영향을 중심으로
Estimation of Shared Bicycle Demand Using the SARIMAX Model: Focusing on the COVID-19 Impact of Seoul
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초록
COVID-19 발병으로 세계는 심각한 위기에 직면해 있으며, 각 국에서는 전염병 확산을 감소시키고 안전한 통행환경을 조성하기 위하여 사회적 거리두기가 가능한 공공자전거 활성화에대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구는 COVID-19 시대에서 공공자전거의 공급정책, 전염병의확산 등의 외생요인들이 공공자전거 이용수요에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하고, 이를 반영한 장래수요예측 방법론을 제시하는데 주요 목적이 있다. 기존 시계열 모형이 가지고 있는 외생요인 미반영의 한계점을 보완하기 위하여 SARIMAX 방법론을 제시하였다. 본 분석을 통하여 외생변수인 COVID-19 발병률과 공공자전거 공급량이 공공자전거 이용수요와 양(+)의 관계에 있다는 것이 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 2022년까지 4만5천대의 공공자전거가 공급되고, COVID-19의 발병률이 현재 수준으로 지속될 경우, 서울시 공공자전거는 2021년 연간 약3천2백만 대, 2024년에 약 4천6백만 대의 이용수요가 발생할 것으로 예측되었다.
Abstract
This study analyzed how external variables, such as the supply policy of shared bicycles and the spread of infectious diseases, affect the demand for shared bicycle use in the COVID-19 era. In addition, this paper presents a methodology for more accurate predictions. The Seasonal Auto-Regulatory Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous stressors methodology was applied to capture the effects of exogenous variables on existing time series models. The exogenous variables that affected the future demand for shared bicycles, such as COVID-19 and the supply of public bicycles, were statistically significant. As a result, from the supply volume and COVID-19 outbreak according to the scenario, it was estimated that approximately 46,000 shared bicycles would be supplied by 2022, and the COVID-19 cases would continue to be at the current level. In addition, approximately 32 million and 45 million units per year will be needed in 2021 and 2024, respectively.
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