아동상담에서의 저항 관련 변인: 아동의 공격성, 상담자 개입 특성 및 치료적 관계를 중심으로
Resistance Related Factors in Child Counseling
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본 연구에서는 아동의 공격성, 상담자 개입의 특성 및 치료적 관계가 상담회기 내에 발생한 아동의 저항과 어떤 관련이 있는지 알아보았다. 정서, 행동 및 사회성과 관련한 문제로 개인상담(놀이치료)을 받고 있는 상담 중기단계의 학령기 아동사례를 수집하였고, 아동-상담자 36쌍의 자료가 분석되었다. 아동의 공격성과 상담자 개입 특성들 가운데 대인적 분위기와 지시성은 치료적 협력에 대한 저항과 관련이 있었고, 대인적 분위기와 지시성은 상호작용하여 의사소통에 대한 저항에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 상담자가 지각한 치료적 관계의 질은 상담자 개입 특성들과 상호작용하여 저항에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 상담자가 긍정적 감정관계를 낮게 지각한 경우에는 상담자 개입의 대인적 분위기에 따라, 상담자가 부정적 감정관계를 낮게 지각한 경우에는 상담자 개입의 깊이에 따라, 치료적 협력에 대한 저항이 달라졌다. 본 연구의 결과는 아동의 저항이 단일 요인이 아닌 아동, 상담자, 그리고 치료적 관계 특성을 모두 반영하는 복합적인 현상임을 시사한다.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate how child client's aggressiveness, characteristics of counselor's intervention, and therapeutic relationship affect child client's resistance in counseling sessions. The subjects were children under individual play therapy with emotional, behavioral or social skill problems. All 36 child-therapist sets were analyzed. As for clients' variable, aggressiveness was found to have significant correlation with resistance to cooperation, and among characteristics of the intervention, the interpersonal climate and directiveness were related to resistance to cooperation. In addition, the interaction between these two variables proved to affect the resistance to communication. The quality of the therapeutic relationship perceived by the therapist had effect on resistance to cooperation through an interaction with characteristics of the intervention. When the therapist perceived positive emotional relationship as low, the resistance was affected by the interpersonal climate of the therapist intervention. And when the therapist perceived negative emotional relationship as low, the resistance was affected by the depth of the intervention. The result suggested that child client's resistance in counseling sessions should be considered as a complex phenomenon related with the child client's aggressiveness, characteristics of the intervention, therapeutic relationship and the interaction among them.
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