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노년기 애착연구와 앞으로의 과제

Attachment Study in Older Adults and Suggestions for Future Studies

장휘숙
한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 (The Korean Society For Developmental Psychology)|2010.09|한국심리학회지: 발달 (THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY)|제23권 제3호|pp. 1-17

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참고문헌

키워드

well-being애착attachmentold age노년기안녕애착인물attachment figure
주제분류심리과학

초록

이 연구는 애착이론을 노인전집에 적용하는 최근의 연구들을 개관하고 미래연구를 위해 반드시 해결되어야 할 과제들을 제안하였다. 비록 그 수가 많지는 않지만, 최근 노인들의 애착관계에 관해 수행된 연구들을 5가지 주제(애착대상의 변화, 신에 대한 애착, 애착양식의 변화, 애착과 보살핌 제공자-수령자간의 관계 및 애착과 노년기 안녕 및 사별의 관계)로 구분하여 개관하고 이러한 주제들을 역점두어 연구하면서도 후속연구에서 해결되어야 한다고 생각되는 5가지 과제를 제안하였다. 즉 애착유대와 일반적인 애정적 유대의 구분, 애착척도의 문제, 종단연구의 필요성, 애착행동체계와 다른 관련 행동체계들의 상호작용 문제 그리고 거부형 애착비율의 증가문제가 제안되었다. Bowlby가 개인의 애착표상은 ‘요람부터 무덤까지’ 영향을 준다고 주장했음에도 불구하고, 지금까지 애착에 관한 연구는 영아기나 아동기의 애착에 관한 연구가 주를 이루었고 성인기에서의 애착연구는 낭만적 관계나 결혼관계에서의 애착문제에 한정되었다. 그러나 노년기는 분리와 상실, 질병과 고통으로 괴로움을 겪기 쉬운 시기이므로 이 시기 동안의 애착관계에 대한 연구는 노년기 안녕을 증진시키는 데 크게 기여할 것으로 논의되었다.

Abstract

This study reviewed the research applying attachment theory to older populations and suggested the tasks for future research. Research themes being addressed in this review are as follows: (1) changes of attachment figures; (2) attachment to god; (3) changes of attachment style; (4) relationships of giver-receiver in caregiving; (5) relationships of attachment to wellbeing and bereavement. For future research of themes reviewed in this study, 5 problems to need to be solved were suggested. Although Bowlby asserted attachment representations were likely to exert influence 'from the cradle to the grave', early attachment studies were based heavily on observations of infants and children and in later romantic relationships or marital relationships of adults. As the potential for distressing separation and loss experiences increases with old age, attachment study would contribute to improve the well-being in old age.

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