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유아기 어머니의 양육목표 및 양육피드백이 양육플로우 경험을 매개로 양육 효능감과 양육 만족에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Parenting Goals and Feedback on Maternal Self-efficacy and Satisfaction, and the Mediating Role of Flow Experience in Parenting

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초록

본 연구는 부모의 양육이 긍정적인 경험이 되기 위한 방안을 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 플로우(flow) 이론을 바탕으로 양육에서 부모가 가지는 양육목표와 양육피드백이 양육플로우 경험의 조건이 되는가를 확인하고 양육플로우 경험은 양육 효능감과 양육 만족과 어떠한 관계가 있는가를 살펴보았다. 또한 양육플로우 경험이 변인 간을 매개하는 모형을 가정하고 경로를 분석하였다. 연구대상은 서울 및 경기도에 거주하고 만 3-5세 유아를 둔 어머니 651명이었다. 연구에 사용된 측정도구는 1)양육목표 및 양육피드백, 2)양육플로우 경험, 3)양육 효능감, 4)양육 만족 척도로 총 4가지의 자기보고식 질문지로 수집된 자료는 연구 문제에 따라 경로분석을 실시하였다. 설정된 연구모형의 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 양육목표, 양육피드백은 양육플로우 경험을 설명하는 예측변인이었다. 둘째, 양육목표는 양육 효능감과 양육 만족에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 변인이었으며, 양육피드백은 양육 효능감에만 직접적인 영향을 보였다. 셋째, 양육플로우 경험은 양육 효능감과 양육 만족에 유의미한 영향을 나타냈다. 넷째, 양육목표와 양육피드백은 양육플로우 경험을 매개로 하여 양육 효능감과 역할 만족도에도 영향을 미쳤다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통하여 양육에서 플로우 경험이 가지는 중요성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 양육목표와 양육피드백이 양육플로우 경험을 형성하는 조건으로 작용한다는 점에서 부모 스스로가 능동적으로 양육에서 플로우를 느낄 수 있는 방법을 제공하는 의의를 가진다.

Abstract

This study was designed to examine roles of parenting goals and feedback as conditions for flow experiences in parenting, investigate the effects of mothers’ flow experiences on parenting self-efficacy and satisfaction, and examine the mediating effects of flow experiences. Data were collected from 651 mothers with children aged 3 to 5 years. Mothers completed self-report questionnaires consisting of four scales. Path analyses showed that both parenting goals and feedback were significant predictors of mothers’ flow experiences. Parenting goals and feedback were also directly associated with parenting self-efficacy. Parenting goals were significantly related to parenting satisfaction; however, parenting feedback did not have a direct effect on satisfaction. In the association among parenting goals, feedback, efficacy, and satisfaction, flow experiences mediated the relationships through their indirect effects on parenting efficacy and satisfaction. These findings confirm that parenting goals and feedback are conditions for flow experience in parenting. Parents may be able to develop or increase the number of their flow experiences, which can enhance their self-efficacy and satisfaction in daily parenting, by fulfilling the conditions associated with these experiences.

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