문화에 따른 양육방식: 한국 어머니와 영아 간의 상호작용에서 주로 나타난 원격 양육행동 패턴
Cultural Influence on Parenting Behavior: Distal Parenting Strategies Are Dominant in Korean Mother-Infant Interactions
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부모와 영아 간 상호작용에서 나타나는 양육행동은 영아의 사회화 과정과 자기인식 능력의 발달에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다. 특히, 신체적 거리에 따른 부모의 양육행동은 문화적 가치에 따라 달라질 수 있는데, 집단주의 문화권의 경우 근접 양육행동 패턴이 주를 이루고 개인주의 문화권에서는 상대적으로 원격 양육행동 패턴이 주를 이루는 것으로 보고되었다. 그러나, 국내에서는 신체적 거리에 따른 양육행동 패턴을 살펴본 연구가 아직 없었다. 본 연구에서는 최근 개인주의적 가치관으로 전환되고 있는 한국 문화적 맥락에서 원격과 근접 양육행동 중 어떤 패턴이 주로 나타나는지 검토하고 양육행동과 문화적 요인과의 관련성을 탐색해보았다. 추가로, 한국 어머니들의 양육행동 패턴과 영아 및 어머니 요인과의 관계성도 살펴보았다. 54명의 어머니-자녀의 자유놀이 상호작용을 분석한 결과, 한국의 어머니들은 집단주의 문화권에서 주로 관찰된 근접 양육행동보다는 스코틀랜드와 같은 개인주의 문화권에서 나타난 원격 양육행동을 주로 보였다. 또한, 영아의 성별, 연령 및 가구의 연간 소득이 근접 및 원격 양육행동과 유의한 상관을 보였다. 비록 양육방식의 제한적인 한 측면에서의 관찰이지만, 이러한 결과는 한국 어머니의 양육방식이 영아의 초기 자기인식 발달뿐만 아니라 다양한 발달영역에도 변화를 유도할 가능성을 시사한다.
Abstract
Parenting behavior that reflects cultural values plays an important role in the infants’ socialization and development of self-recognition. While proximal parenting strategies are used more frequently by caregivers who value social relations, distal parenting strategies are preferred more by caregivers who value individualism. No studies have examined predominant parenting strategies used by Korean caregivers in this respect. The present study employed a time-sampling method to analyze 54 Korean mothers’ parenting strategies during play interactions with their 14 to 20-month-olds. Additionally, our study examined the relationships between Korean mothers’ parenting strategies and factors related to infants and mothers. The results showed that Korean mothers heavily relied on distal parenting strategies, using mutual eye gaze and verbal contact more frequently than proximal strategies such as body contact or directive action. These results suggest that current generations of Korean mothers may value independence and autonomy more than social relations and harmony. Moreover, significant correlations were observed between the mothers’ parenting strategies and infants’ gender, age, and annual parental income. These findings suggest that the parenting strategies of Korean mothers may induce various changes in their infants’ development.
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