공감하는 인간: 메리 셸리의 『프랑켄슈타인』을 중심으로
Homo Empathicus in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: Or, Modern Prometheus
1
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This study examines Homo empathicus in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: Or, Modern Prometheus. It compares Prometheus in the myth with ‘modern Prometheus’ in Shelley’s work and finds the ethics of empathy in Prometheus. The comparison shows the differences between Homo Empathicus of Clerval and Walton and Narcissus of Frankenstein. The desires of Clerval and Walton make them empathic subjects, but the one of Frankenstein makes him a subject who fails to empathize with others. This paper also shows that the empathy of the monster’s brain is actualized and it encourages the monster to act and help the family of Felix and Safie. We comprehend that the empathy is triggered in the insula of brain - the region responsible for the mirror neuron system - and the ethics of empathy comes from ‘moral feeling,’ and not ‘moral reason.’ Finally, the paper suggests that Caroline and Elizabeth have the ethics of empathy and these make them understand others, feel their feelings, and participate in the empathic space of others. Through Frankenstein, the psychoanalytical and biological approach can break the dichotomous way of thinking and urge us to act with the ethics of empathy because it comes from ‘moral feeling,’ not ‘moral reason.’ Therefore, the ethics of empathy is the empathy toward others.
Abstract
This study examines Homo empathicus in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: Or, Modern Prometheus. It compares Prometheus in the myth with ‘modern Prometheus’ in Shelley’s work and finds the ethics of empathy in Prometheus. The comparison shows the differences between Homo Empathicus of Clerval and Walton and Narcissus of Frankenstein. The desires of Clerval and Walton make them empathic subjects, but the one of Frankenstein makes him a subject who fails to empathize with others. This paper also shows that the empathy of the monster’s brain is actualized and it encourages the monster to act and help the family of Felix and Safie. We comprehend that the empathy is triggered in the insula of brain - the region responsible for the mirror neuron system - and the ethics of empathy comes from ‘moral feeling,’ and not ‘moral reason.’ Finally, the paper suggests that Caroline and Elizabeth have the ethics of empathy and these make them understand others, feel their feelings, and participate in the empathic space of others. Through Frankenstein, the psychoanalytical and biological approach can break the dichotomous way of thinking and urge us to act with the ethics of empathy because it comes from ‘moral feeling,’ not ‘moral reason.’ Therefore, the ethics of empathy is the empathy toward others.
참고문헌 (21)
- Butler, Judith, "Giving an Account of Oneself" (2005), Fordham UP
- Damasio, Antonio R, "Descartes’ Error : Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain" (1994), Avon
- Damasio, Antonio R, "Looking for Spinoza : Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Bran" (2003), Harcourt
- Dean, Carolyn, "The Fragility of Empathy after the Holocaust" (2004), Cornell UP
- Decety, Jean, "Empathy : From Bench to Bedside" (2012), MIT P
- De Waal, Frans, "Empathy in Primates and Other Mammals", pp.87~106, Decety
- Freud, Sigmund, "The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud XIII", pp.1~162 (1955), Hogarth
- Heath, Duncan, "Introducing Romanticism : A Graphic Guide" (2012), Icon
- Keysers, Christian, "The Empathic Brain : How the Discovery of Mirror Neurons Changes Our Understanding of Human Nature" (2011), Social Brain
- Levine, George Lewis, "The Endurance of Frankenstein: Essays on Mary Shelley’s Novel", pp.3~30 (1979), U of California P
- Lighter, Sharee, "Nature and Forms of Empathy in the First Years of Life", pp.109~130, Decety
- Lowe, Lisa, "Writing Self Writing Nation", pp.35~69 (1994), Third Woman P
- McGann, Jerome J, "The Romantic Ideology : A Critical Investigation" (1983), U of Chicago P
- Praz, Mario, "The Romantic Agony" (1991), Oxford UP
- 셸러, 막스, "공감의 본질과 형식" (2013), 지식을 만드는 지식
- Shelley, Mary, "Frankenstein: Or, The Modern Prometheus. 1818 and 1831" (2018), CPSIA
- Shelley, Percy Bysshe, "Frankenstein: Or, The Modern Prometheus. 1818 and 1831", pp.297~299 (2018), CPSIA
- Solms, Mark, "The Brain and the Inner World : An Introduction to the Neuroscience of Subjective Experience" (2002), Other
- Rifkin, Jeremy, "The Empathic Civilization : the Race to Global Consciousness in a World in Crisis" (2009), Penguin
- 리쫄라띠, 쟈코모, "공감하는 뇌: 거울 뉴런과 철학" (2016), UUP
- Zahavi, Dan, "Empathy without Isomorphism", pp.3~20, Decety