Problematic Females in Romance: A Critical Examination of Female Figures in Online Romance Novels
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Online romance novels, once confined to Asian countries as a cultural product, are now proliferating globally, attracting a diverse international readership. However, a close examination of them would find these novels problematic in female discourse. This paper first reviews two categories of the uprising cyberfeminism theory before probing into the basic features of online novels that distinguish them from traditional ones. Then it interrogates the configuration of urban female figures in online female-led fictions by comparing them with male-led fictions through the digital software Antconc. In the close reading of typical texts, this paper critiques the genre by drawing on cyberfeminism theory. This paper argues that the problems within urban female-led fictions lie in the following literary presentations: firstly, compared with male-led novels, female-led narratives are greatly restricted to domestic affairs and sexual relations; secondly, by objectifying females and portraying them as divorced women and baby mothers, online female-led novels disempower women and advocate a masculine culture; thirdly, online female-led novels fail to build a female community that could promote female independence and propel feminist movement in the digital age. Instead, they are dividing women’s sisterhood.
Abstract
Online romance novels, once confined to Asian countries as a cultural product, are now proliferating globally, attracting a diverse international readership. However, a close examination of them would find these novels problematic in female discourse. This paper first reviews two categories of the uprising cyberfeminism theory before probing into the basic features of online novels that distinguish them from traditional ones. Then it interrogates the configuration of urban female figures in online female-led fictions by comparing them with male-led fictions through the digital software Antconc. In the close reading of typical texts, this paper critiques the genre by drawing on cyberfeminism theory. This paper argues that the problems within urban female-led fictions lie in the following literary presentations: firstly, compared with male-led novels, female-led narratives are greatly restricted to domestic affairs and sexual relations; secondly, by objectifying females and portraying them as divorced women and baby mothers, online female-led novels disempower women and advocate a masculine culture; thirdly, online female-led novels fail to build a female community that could promote female independence and propel feminist movement in the digital age. Instead, they are dividing women’s sisterhood.
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