兩宋時期의 小兒科學에 관한 연구

Abstract

The Song Dynasty(宋代) period gained the summit in the developmental phase of the history in pediatrics. In 1076, Taeuiguk(太醫局) was founded and Sobangmaek(小方脈) was the one of nine branch in Taeuiguk (太醫局). As a result, educational agency and system was arranged in the field of pediatrics. At the same time, pediatrics have furnished with foundation to develop independent field in medical science. Especially, Byeonjeungnonchi(辨證論治) system is established in pediatrics science according to the compilation of Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣) by Jeoneul(錢乙). Children's doctors, Jeoneul(錢乙), Jinmunjung(陳文中) and Donggeup(董汲) arranged clinically theories, so they made that age the peak of the pediatrics. Looking at the developmental part of theory in pediatrics of the Song Dynasty period, Jeoneul(錢乙), who was the representative children's doctor in Song Dynasty period, insisted that children had formed Ojang-yukbu(五臟六腑) in the physiological part but they were not perfect like adult's. Therefore they had to consider the poor part in children's body, and then they had to cure them. 'Byeonjeung(變蒸)' was considered to be normal physiological phenomenon. Also he insisted that Yukeum(六淫), 'Pung, Han, Seo, Seup, Jo, Hwa(風, 寒, 暑, 濕, 燥, 火)' and 'Gyeong, Pung, Gon, Cheon, Heo(驚、風、困、喘、虛)' are the main cause of the children's five vital organ’s pathology. Like this, his academic thought, which lay emphasized on children's spleen and stomach and Ojangbyeonjeung(五臟辨證) main principles, affected on doctors, Donggeup(董汲), Yeomhyochung(閻孝忠), Yubang(劉昉), Jang-wonso(張元素), Idong-won(李東垣), Manjeon(萬全). Bangje(方劑) fields of pediatrics had developed so fast and Taepyeongseonghyebang(太平聖惠方)contained about 2689 kinds of children's prescription. According to this, there are so many kinds of medicinal shape, for example 'Hwan, San, Go, Dan(丸, 散, 膏, 丹)’, which cured children's disease. Through this, we find that the shape of medicine about the children's diseases had developed to the more simple direction, taking account of the children’s clinical trait.