에이드리엔 리치의 시: 트라우마적 실재의 수사학
Adrienne Rich’s Poetry: The Rhetoric of Traumatic Real
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As a feminist poet, Adrienne Rich contributes her radical subjectivity to political process: by making private perceptions public, she establishes a coherent point of view, a feminist identity, and poetic vision. It is evident that poetry can be written in order to evacuate intolerable unconscious material. This is the case for Rich. Rich determines that as women internalize the requirements of social narratives of domesticity, beauty, and love, they are divided from themselves and from each other. Rich feels deep anger in relation to the world and its injustices and atrocities. However, Rich is mobilized by her anger and believes in the power of words to transform anger into a creative vision. Writing about trauma presents painful dilemmas such as division, solitude, and anger, for writers and readers alike. My study focuses on how the trauma is manifested in the poetic text of Rich and how the speaker gives voice to new identities. Poetic text becomes the effective index of the trauma through affective and unconscious associations―gaze, voice. In other words, Rich uses poetry as a way of giving voice to trauma and furthermore, as a way to connect with others. One might say that Rich’s poetic text is evocative of Lacan’s subjectivity. What Lacan means by subjectivity is the way subject replies the demand of the Other that takes the form of an object such as ‘real voice’ and ‘real gaze’ which overwhelms and presses at subject, as embodied in memories or psychic realities such as fear, solitude, loss of control. Real gaze/voice embodied in the speaker’s tone models a stance that mocks cultural values. Traumatic real is ingrained in Rich’s poetry, and Rich’s method of weaving her texts focuses the reader’s attention on trauma such as loss, solitude which defies representation.
Abstract
As a feminist poet, Adrienne Rich contributes her radical subjectivity to political process: by making private perceptions public, she establishes a coherent point of view, a feminist identity, and poetic vision. It is evident that poetry can be written in order to evacuate intolerable unconscious material. This is the case for Rich. Rich determines that as women internalize the requirements of social narratives of domesticity, beauty, and love, they are divided from themselves and from each other. Rich feels deep anger in relation to the world and its injustices and atrocities. However, Rich is mobilized by her anger and believes in the power of words to transform anger into a creative vision. Writing about trauma presents painful dilemmas such as division, solitude, and anger, for writers and readers alike. My study focuses on how the trauma is manifested in the poetic text of Rich and how the speaker gives voice to new identities. Poetic text becomes the effective index of the trauma through affective and unconscious associations―gaze, voice. In other words, Rich uses poetry as a way of giving voice to trauma and furthermore, as a way to connect with others. One might say that Rich’s poetic text is evocative of Lacan’s subjectivity. What Lacan means by subjectivity is the way subject replies the demand of the Other that takes the form of an object such as ‘real voice’ and ‘real gaze’ which overwhelms and presses at subject, as embodied in memories or psychic realities such as fear, solitude, loss of control. Real gaze/voice embodied in the speaker’s tone models a stance that mocks cultural values. Traumatic real is ingrained in Rich’s poetry, and Rich’s method of weaving her texts focuses the reader’s attention on trauma such as loss, solitude which defies representation.
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